Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients
| Characteristic | CDI (n = 171) | Non-CDI (n = 342) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 71 (57.75–77) | 71 (58–78) | 0.907 |
| Male sex | 86 (50.3) | 172 (50.3) | 1.000 |
| History | |||
| Diabetes | 56 (32.7) | 94 (27.5) | 0.219 |
| Hypertension | 103 (60.2) | 175 (51.2) | 0.060 |
| ICU admission | 64 (37.4) | 58 (17.0) | 0.000 |
| Use of any antibiotics | 157 (91.8) | 240 (70.2) | 0.000 |
| GARD use | 116 (67.8) | 200 (58.5) | 0.043 |
| Advanced CKD (including ESRD) (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 49 (28.7) | 59 (17.3) | 0.004 |
| CKD stages | < 0.001 | ||
| Non-advanced CKD (eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 122 (71.3) | 283 (82.7) | |
| Stage III CKD | 17 (9.9) | 41 (12.0) | |
| Stage IV–V CKD | 10 (5.8) | 8 (2.3) | |
| ESRD requiring dialysis | 22 (12.9) | 10 (2.9) | |
| Reason for admission | 0.148 | ||
| Surgical | 57 (33.3) | 137 (40.1) | |
| Nonsurgical | 114 (66.7) | 205 (59.9) | |
| Admission type | 0.005 | ||
| Elective | 22 (12.9) | 72 (21.1) | |
| Urgent | 43 (25.1) | 108 (31.6) | |
| Emergent | 106 (62.0) | 162 (47.4) | |
| Length of hospital stay, day | 43 (21–74) | 10 (5–19) | < 0.001 |
| In-hospital mortality | 14 (8.2) | 9 (2.6) | 0.006 |
Values are presented as median (confidence interval 25%–75%) or number of patients (%).
CDI, Clostridium difficile infection; ICU, intensive care unit; GARD, gastric acid-reducing drug; CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.