Table 3.
Characteristics of CDI patients according to the more advanced chronic kidney disease (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2)
| Characteristic | CDI patients with eGFR ≥ 30 (n = 139) | CDI patients with eGFR < 30 (n = 32) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 74 (64–79) | 71 (57–74) | 0.987 |
| Male sex | 64 (46.0) | 22 (68.8) | 0.030 |
| History | |||
| Diabetes | 43 (30.9) | 13 (40.6) | 0.303 |
| Hypertension | 74 (53.2) | 29 (90.6) | 0.000 |
| ICU admission in the past 90 days | 47 (33.8) | 17 (53.1) | 0.067 |
| Antibiotic use in the past 42 days | |||
| Use of any antibiotic | 128 (92.1) | 29 (90.6) | 0.728 |
| Use of two or more antibiotics | 74 (53.2) | 15 (46.9) | 0.560 |
| Cephalosporin use | 85 (62.1) | 22 (66.8) | 0.544 |
| Quinolone use | 46 (33.1) | 7 (21.9) | 0.290 |
| Carbapenem use | 23 (16.5) | 2 (6.2) | 0.172 |
| Macrolide use | 6 (4.3) | 3 (9.4) | 0.372 |
| Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole use | 7 (5.0) | 1 (3.1) | 1.000 |
| Metronidazole use | 9 (6.5) | 1 (3.1) | 0.690 |
| Use of antifungal agents | 10 (7.2) | 0 | 0.211 |
| Tazocin use | 24 (17.3) | 8 (25.0) | 0.321 |
| Vancomycin use | 7 (5.0) | 1 (3.1) | 1.000 |
| GARD use in the past 42 days | 92 (66.2) | 24 (75.0) | 0.405 |
| Fever (> 38.3°C) | 47 (33.8) | 8 (25.0) | 0.405 |
| Shock (SBP < 90 mmHg) | 13 (9.4) | 4 (12.5) | 0.528 |
| Acute kidney injury | 12 (8.6) | 4 (12.5) | 0.505 |
| Albumin | 3.0 (2.7–3.3) | 2.9 (2.6–3.0) | 0.175 |
| Hemoglobin A1c | 5.9 (5.4–6.7) | 6.0 (5.7–6.6) | 0.924 |
| WBC count > 15 × 103/µL | 37 (26.6) | 16 (50.0) | 0.018 |
| CDI treatment at diagnosis | |||
| Metronidazole | 129 (92.8) | 30 (93.8) | 1.000 |
| Vancomycin | 10 (7.2) | 2 (6.2) | 1.000 |
| Switched from metronidazole to vancomycin | 17 (12.2) | 9 (28.1) | 0.031 |
| Recurrence of CDI | 17 (12.5) | 4 (14.8) | 0.755 |
| In-hospital mortality | 7 (5.0) | 7 (21.9) | 0.006 |
| Length of hospital stay, day | 39.5 (19–68) | 45 (25–72) | 0.891 |
| Time from admission to diagnosis | 17(8–31) | 23 (8–38) | 0.632 |
| Time from diagnosis to discharge | 15.5 (6–44) | 17 (9–38) | 0.921 |
Values are presented as median (confidence interval 25%–75%) or number of patients (%).
CDI, Clostridium difficile infection; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ICU, intensive care unit; GARD, gastric acid-reducing drug; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WBC, white blood cell.