Table 2.
Foot and ankle fall risk factors (n = 201). Data presented as mean (SD) unless specified
| Foot erosion on radiograph, n (%) | 112 (62) |
| Previous foot surgery, n (%) | 29 (21) |
| Presence of foot pain, n (%) | 147 (73) |
| Foot pain (VAS 0–100), mm | 32 (29) |
| Tender joint count (lower limb) | 6.0 (7.2) |
| Swollen joint count (lower limb) | 1.8 (3.4) |
| Presence of tender and/or swollen joints (lower limb), n (%) | 148 (74) |
| Foot problem score | 15 (8) |
| Pes planovalgus foot-type, n (%) | 68 (34) |
| Presence of bunion deformity, n (%) | 130 (65) |
| Monofilament sites felt (0–12) | 10 (3) |
| Vibration perception threshold ≥ 26 mV, n (%) | 85 (43) |
| Foot muscle strength, N | |
| Dorsiflexion | 63 (33) |
| Plantarflexion | 69 (29) |
| Inversion | 33 (17) |
| Eversion | 30 (15) |
| Ankle range of motion, degrees | 58 (7) |
| Gait speed, m/s | 1.07 (0.3) |
| Peak plantar pressure, kPa | |
| Forefoot | 310 (66) |
| Midfoot | 113 (62) |
| Rearfoot | 243 (69) |
| Failed paper grip test hallux, n (%) | 101 (50) |
| Failed paper grip test lesser toes, n (%) | 102 (50) |
| Toe strength hallux, N (%BW) | 4.5 (2.5) |
| Toes strength lessor toes, N (%BW) | 2.1 (1.2) |
| Eyes-open postural sway, mm | |
| AP direction | 20.9 (9.7) |
| ML direction | 14.2 (8.7) |
| Eyes-closed postural sway, mm | |
| AP direction | 29.4 (12.9) |
| ML direction | 17.4 (9.7) |
| Has seen a podiatrist before, n (%) | 107 (53) |
| Receives regular podiatry treatment, n (%) | 32 (16) |
| FISTOTAL score (0–51) | 25 (12) |
| FISIF subscale score (0–21) | 10 (5) |
| FISAP subscale score (0–30) | 15 (9) |
| Good footwear type worn to study visit, n (%) | 102 (51) |
| Average footwear type worn to study visit, n (%) | 18 (9) |
| Poor footwear type worn to study visit, n (%) | 81 (40) |
VAS visual analogue scale, AP antero-posterior, ML medio-lateral, FIS IF foot impact scale impairment/footwear subscale; FIS AP foot impact scale activities/participation subscale