Table 3.
Observed pretest and posttest means, standard deviations, and mean pretest–posttest differences
| Pretest | Posttest | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | Group | n | M (SD) | M (SD) | Difference | ||
| WJ III Letter-Word | EX | 70 | 84.94 | (12.17) | 89.24 | (9.24) | 4.30 |
| Identification | GR | 70 | 86.26 | (10.27) | 88.52 | (11.62) | 2.26 |
| TSI | 66 | 85.30 | (11.91) | 85.33 | (11.68) | 0.03 | |
| WJ III Word Attack | EX | 70 | 89.81 | (12.42) | 94.71 | (9.95) | 4.90 |
| GR | 70 | 90.41 | (12.47) | 92.12 | (9.40) | 1.71 | |
| TSI | 66 | 90.03 | (12.40) | 90.37 | (11.93) | 0.34 | |
| WJ III Passage | EX | 70 | 81.27 | (10.21) | 86.92 | (8.08) | 5.65 |
| Comprehension | GR | 70 | 82.73 | (9.61) | 84.20 | (10.18) | 1.47 |
| TSI | 66 | 81.20 | (9.88) | 83.25 | (9.39) | 2.05 | |
| Gates MacGinitie | EX | 70 | 82.99 | (10.63) | 82.94 | (10.44) | −0.05 |
| Reading | GR | 70 | 84.79 | (10.92) | 82.42 | (11.92) | −2.37 |
| Comprehension | TSI | 66 | 86.19 | (10.93) | 82.08 | (11.15) | −4.11 |
| Test of Word Reading | EX | 70 | 77.34 | (10.24) | 83.74 | (11.53) | 6.40 |
| Efficiency | GR | 70 | 78.61 | (10.73) | 82.86 | (11.81) | 4.25 |
| TSI | 66 | 77.64 | (10.69) | 79.75 | (11.06) | 2.11 | |
| TPRI Passage | EX | 70 | 17.14 | (11.56) | 40.02 | (21.97) | 22.88 |
| Fluency | GR | 70 | 20.24 | (12.72) | 37.16 | (19.90) | 16.92 |
| TSI | 66 | 19.18 | (17.29) | 32.26 | (21.34) | 13.08 | |
| TOSREC | EX | 63 | 75.29 | (10.68) | 87.85 | (13.82) | 12.56 |
| GR | 62 | 75.19 | (9.50) | 85.10 | (14.06) | 9.91 | |
| TSI | 57 | 76.98 | (10.57) | 84.44 | (13.99) | 7.46 | |
Note. All are standard scores except Texas Primary Reading Inventory (TPRI) Passage Fluency, which is the number of words read correctly per minute. WJ III = Woodcock–Johnson III Tests of Achievement; EX = explicit instruction; GR = guided reading; TSI = typical school instruction; TOSREC = Test of Silent Reading Efficiency and Comprehension.