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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 14.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci. 2014 Mar 3;42:443–467. doi: 10.1146/annurev-earth-060313-054942

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Human exposure to groundwater arsenic through irrigation of rice paddy and drinking water. Arsenic from groundwater affects human health both directly (through drinking) and indirectly (through consuming rice irrigated with As-tainted groundwater). The pathway through rice was underestimated until recently (Zhu et al. 2008). Abbreviations: As(III), arsenite; As(V), arsenate; DMAs(III), dimethylarsenite; DMAs(V), dimethylarsenate; Me2AsH, dimethylarsine; MAs(III), methylarsenite; MAs(V), methylarsenate; TMAs(III), trimethylarsine; TMAs(V)O, trimethylarsine oxide.