Figure 5.
Human exposure to groundwater arsenic through irrigation of rice paddy and drinking water. Arsenic from groundwater affects human health both directly (through drinking) and indirectly (through consuming rice irrigated with As-tainted groundwater). The pathway through rice was underestimated until recently (Zhu et al. 2008). Abbreviations: As(III), arsenite; As(V), arsenate; DMAs(III), dimethylarsenite; DMAs(V), dimethylarsenate; Me2AsH, dimethylarsine; MAs(III), methylarsenite; MAs(V), methylarsenate; TMAs(III), trimethylarsine; TMAs(V)O, trimethylarsine oxide.