Table 4.
Associations with children's (6–17 years of age) sufficient sleep duration (A) and sleep quality (B).
| Demographics | Parent electronics | Caffeine, bedtime rules | Child electronics ON in bedroom | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Units | OR | Lower 95% CI |
Upper 95% CI |
P | OR | Lower 95% CI |
Upper 95% CI |
P | OR | Lower 95% CI |
Upper 95% CI |
P | OR | Lower 95% CI |
Upper 95% CI |
P |
| A. Sufficient sleep duration | |||||||||||||||||
| Child age | Years | 0.91 | 0.87 | 0.96 | <.001 | 0.92 | 0.87 | 0.96 | <.001 | 0.94 | 0.89 | 0.99 | .01 | 0.96 | 0.92 | 1.02 | .18 |
| Child gender | F = 2/M = 1 | 0.82 | 0.59 | 1.16 | .27 | 0.82 | 0.59 | 1.16 | .27 | 0.81 | 0.58 | 1.14 | .23 | 0.82 | 0.58 | 1.15 | .25 |
| Parent race | White = 1/nonwhite = 2 | 0.94 | 0.66 | 1.34 | .72 | 0.92 | 0.65 | 1.32 | .66 | 0.94 | 0.66 | 1.35 | .75 | 0.90 | 0.63 | 1.28 | .55 |
| Parent education | College grad = 2 or not = 1 | 1.53 | 1.08 | 2.17 | .02 | 1.51 | 1.06 | 2.15 | .02 | 1.45 | 1.01 | 2.08 | .045 | 1.38 | 0.97 | 1.98 | .08 |
| Parent marital status | Parent married = 1/not married = 2 | 0.62 | 0.40 | 0.95 | .03 | 0.63 | 0.41 | 0.97 | .04 | 0.65 | 0.42 | 1.00 | .051 | 0.66 | 0.43 | 1.00 | .051 |
| Parents electronics ON | ≥1 device left ON in bedroom | 0.85 | 0.60 | 1.20 | .35 | 0.86 | 0.61 | 1.22 | .40 | 1.11 | 0.78 | 1.59 | .56 | ||||
| Rules limit child caffeine | Always enforce caffeine rules = 1 | 1.87 | 1.29 | 2.70 | <.001 | 1.74 | 1.20 | 2.52 | .003 | ||||||||
| Bedtime rule enforced | Always enforce bedtime rules = 1 | 0.88 | 0.57 | 1.38 | .59 | 0.87 | 0.56 | 1.35 | .52 | ||||||||
| Child electronics ON | ≥1 device left ON in bedroom | 0.46 | 0.32 | 0.67 | <.001 | ||||||||||||
| B. Excellent sleep quality | |||||||||||||||||
| Child age | Years | 0.94 | 0.89 | 0.98 | .01 | 0.94 | 0.90 | 0.99 | .01 | 0.97 | 0.92 | 1.01 | .15 | 0.99 | 0.94 | 1.04 | .62 |
| Child gender | F = 2/M = 1 | 0.92 | 0.66 | 1.29 | .64 | 0.92 | 0.66 | 1.29 | .63 | 0.96 | 0.69 | 1.34 | .81 | 0.98 | 0.70 | 1.37 | .90 |
| Parent race | White = 1/nonwhite = 2 | 1.13 | 0.80 | 1.59 | .50 | 1.09 | 0.77 | 1.53 | .63 | 1.13 | 0.80 | 1.60 | .48 | 1.08 | 0.77 | 1.52 | .66 |
| Parent education | College grad = 2 or not = 1 | 1.09 | 0.78 | 1.51 | .62 | 1.05 | 0.75 | 1.47 | .76 | 1.08 | 0.77 | 1.53 | .65 | 1.04 | 0.74 | 1.46 | .84 |
| Parent marital status | Parent married = 1 | 0.77 | 0.49 | 1.20 | .24 | 0.81 | 0.52 | 1.27 | .36 | 0.78 | 0.49 | 1.24 | .29 | 0.80 | 0.51 | 1.26 | .33 |
| Parents electronics ON | ≥1 device left ON in bedroom | 0.66 | 0.47 | 0.92 | .02 | 0.67 | 0.48 | 0.93 | .02 | 0.82 | 0.58 | 1.16 | .26 | ||||
| Rules limit child caffeine | Always enforce caffeine rules = 1 | 1.22 | 0.84 | 1.77 | .30 | 1.14 | 0.78 | 1.66 | .500 | ||||||||
| Bedtime rule enforced | Always enforce bedtime rules = 1 | 2.08 | 1.37 | 3.14 | <.001 | 2.06 | 1.36 | 3.10 | <.001 | ||||||||
| Child electronics ON | ≥1 device left ON in bedroom | 0.50 | 0.35 | 0.73 | <.001 | ||||||||||||
Sufficient sleep quality was defined as age-appropriate minimum weekly mean sleep duration by parental report (for 6–11 years of age, ≥9 hours/night, and for 12–17 years of age, ≥8 hours/night). Sleep quality was defined as a parental report of their child's excellent sleep quality. Regressions were calculated in blocks sequentially adding family demographics, parents' technology being left on in their bedroom overnight, rules on limiting child caffeine and enforcing bedtimes, and child's technology being left on in their bedroom overnight. Significant P values (<.05) are in boldface.