Table 2.

Factor loadings and item response theory parameters of the DSM-5 criteria in two samples

	Gamblers in the general population (GGP)				Slot machine gamblers (SMG)
	Prevalence (% of the total sample)	Factor loading (one-factor model)	Discrimination parameter a Estimate (SE)	Severity parameter b Estimate (SE)	Prevalence (% of the total sample)	Factor loading (one-factor model)	Discrimination parameter a Estimate (SE)	Severity parameter bEstimate (SE)
1. Preoccupation	66 (61.7%)	0.47	0.53 (0.14)	−0.64 (0.31)	247 (65.7%)	0.68	0.92 (0.15)	−0.60 (0.12)
2. Tolerance	38 (35.5%)	0.74	1.08 (0.26)	0.51 (0.17)	171 (45.5%)	0.51	0.59 (0.11)	0.22 (0.13)
3. Cessation attempts	39 (36.5%)	0.72	1.04 (0.26)	0.48 (0.18)	238 (63.3%)	0.68	0.93 (0.16)	−0.50 (0.11)
4. Withdrawal	12 (11.2%)	0.90	2.01 (1.19)	1.35 (0.25)	115 (30.6%)	0.78	1.29 (0.23)	0.64 (0.10)
5. Gambling to escape	24 (22.4%)	0.60	0.74 (0.23)	1.28 (0.34)	176 (46.8%)	0.38	0.41 (0.09)	0.21 (0.18)
6. Chasing losses	59 (55.1%)	0.46	0.51 (0.15)	−0.28 (0.28)	265 (70.5%)	0.60	0.76 (0.13)	−0.89 (0.16)
7. Concealment of own gambling	30 (28.0%)	0.73	1.05 (0.35)	0.80 (0.22)	216 (57.5%)	0.57	0.70 (0.12)	−0.33 (0.12)
8. Jeopardized or lost significant matters	14 (13.1%)	0.85	1.62 (0.69)	1.32 (0.26)	164 (43.6%)	0.72	1.03 (0.17)	0.22 (0.08)
9. Relies on others to be “bailed out”	7 (6.5%)	0.93	2.56 (2.26)	1.62 (0.30)	75 (20.0%)	0.62	0.78 (0.13)	1.36 (0.20)
Pathological Gamblers (at least 4/9 DSM-5 criteria)	30 (28.0%)				224 (59.6%)
Total endorsed criteria (Mean)		M = 2.7	(SD = 2.1)			M = 4.4	(SD = 1.2)
Fit statistics
RMSEA		0.055				0.058
CFI		0.970				0.956
TLI		0.960				0.941

CFI: comparative fit index; RMSEA: root mean square error of approximation; SE: standard error; TLI: Tucker Lewis index.

Two samples were analysed separately: the a and b parameters are comparable within columns but not rows.