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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Child Abuse Negl. 2015 Oct 21;51:212–222. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.10.007

Figure 3. Illustration of the cross-level interaction between childhood trauma and neighborhood-level crime on Major Depression symptoms.

Figure 3

High levels of childhood trauma, and high and low levels of crime were defined as one standard deviation or more above or below the mean, respectively. Low levels of childhood trauma were defined as being within one-half standard deviation of the mean. The figure presents mean levels of Major Depression symptoms computed with individual-level data. Subsample sizes: No Childhood Trauma-Low Neighborhood-level Crime, n = 65; Low Childhood Trauma-Low Neighborhood-Level Crime, n = 201; High Childhood Trauma-Low Neighborhood-level Crime, n = 78; No Childhood Trauma-High Neighborhood-level Crime, n = 68; Low Childhood Trauma-High Neighborhood-Level Crime, n = 169; High Childhood Trauma-High Neighborhood-level Crime, n = 90.

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