Table 4.
Association of Periodontal Disease with Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer, by Smoking Status, Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study
| Total N | Cases N | Case prevalence periodontal disease, % | HR* | 95% CI | PAF* | 95%CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking status | |||||||
| Never smoker | 32,593 | 907 | 22.9 | 1.06 | 0.91–1.24 | 1.30 | −2.29–4.76 |
| Former smoker | 28,091 | 902 | 34.4 | 1.16 | 1.01–1.33 | 4.74 | 0.11–9.16 |
| Quit ≥ 20yrs | 20,515 | 659 | 30.3 | 1.08 | 0.91–1.27 | 2.25 | −2.83–7.08 |
| Quit < 20yrs | 7,387 | 237 | 45.6 | 1.36 | 1.05–1.77 | 12.06 | 1.12–21.79 |
| Current smoker | 2,467 | 74 | 47.3 | 1.32 | 0.83–2.11 | 11.47 | −10.31–28.94 |
*
Hazard ratios (HR) and population attributable fractions (PAF) adjusted for age, education, race/ethnicity, BMI, age at menarche, age at menopause, parity, age at first birth, hormone use, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and NSAIDS