Table 2.

Echocardiographic Characteristics Stratified by Presence or Absence of CKD

Echocardiographic parameter	No CKD (n=154)	CKD (n=145)	P-value	Adjusted P-value*
LV ejection fraction, %	61.5±6.3	60.9±6.6	0.44	—
LV end-systolic volume index, ml/m2	16.6±6.6	16.7±8.6	0.92	—
LV end-diastolic volume index, ml/m2	42.1±12.1	40.9±12.9	0.41	—
LV mass index, g/m2	96.4±27.9	113.7±48.2	<0.001	<0.001
Stroke volume, ml	86.7±30.0	85.1±30.7	0.66	—
Left atrial volume index, ml/m2	32.5±12.0	36.5±15.4	0.012	0.055
E/A ratio	1.3±0.7	1.4±0.7	0.67	—
Tissue Doppler e′ velocity, cm/s	10.1±4.1	8.5±3.4	<0.001	0.056
Tissue Doppler s′ velocity, cm/s	9.5±2.9	7.9±2.5	<0.001	<0.001
Tissue Doppler a′ velocity, cm/s	10.9±3.9	8.8±3.8	<0.001	<0.001
E/e′ ratio	11.8±7.7	14.8±7.6	<0.001	0.072
PA systolic pressure, mmHg (n=222)	40±15	47±16	0.001	0.014
PA systolic pressure > 40 mmHg (n=222), n(%)	51(44)	67(63)	0.004	0.026
RA pressure, mmHg	6.6±3.4	7.6±4.1	0.022	0.095
RV basal diameter, cm	3.8±0.6	3.9±0.6	0.50	—
RV basal diameter > 4.2 cm, n(%)	35(23)	40(28)	0.33	—
RV end-diastolic area, cm2	27±7	27±7	0.66	—
RV end-systolic area, cm2	15±5	16±5	0.13	—
RV fractional area change, %	44±7	42±7	0.009	0.007
TAPSE, cm	2.2±0.6	1.9±0.6	0.003	0.12
LV longitudinal strain, %**	18.2±4.0	16.8±4.1	0.005	0.030
RV free wall strain, %**	22.7±8.1	19.6±7.7	<0.001	0.014
Left atrial reservoir strain, %	36.7±16.3	28.8±14.9	<0.001	0.007
Left atrial conduit strain, %	19.6±8.9	15.4±7.2	<0.001	0.013
Left atrial booster strain, %	19.1±8.3	15.9±7.9	<0.001	0.008

Continuous variables expressed as mean ± standard deviation

LV = left ventricular; RV = right ventricular; PA = pulmonary arterial; TAPSE = tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion

^*P-value after adjustment for age, hypertension, diabetes, and beta-blocker use

^**LV and RV strains are presented as absolute values