Table 4.

Association of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Chronic Kidney Disease with Adverse Outcomes on Multivariable-Adjusted Cox-Proportional Hazard Analyses

	Hazard Ratio for 1-SD decrease in GFR	p-value	Hazard Ratio for CKD	p-value
Model 1
HF hospitalization	1.36 (1.03, 1.79)	0.031	1.47 (0.85, 2.55)	0.17
Cardiovascular hospitalization	1.39 (1.10, 1.75)	0.006	1.16 (0.73, 1.84)	0.52
Death	1.21 (0.84, 1.73)	0.31	0.84 (0.41, 1.73)	0.63
Combined endpoint	1.37 (1.11, 1.69)	0.003	1.13 (0.74, 1.71)	0.57
Model 2
HF hospitalization	1.20 (0.88, 1.62)	0.24	1.09 (0.61, 1.93)	0.77
Cardiovascular hospitalization	1.29 (1.01, 1.65)	0.04	0.97 (0.60, 1.56)	0.89
Death	1.20 (0.81, 1.79)	0.37	0.67 (0.30, 1.49)	0.32
Combined endpoint	1.32 (1.06, 1.64)	0.013	1.00 (0.66, 1.53)	0.99
Model 3
HF hospitalization	1.19 (0.86, 1.65)	0.29	1.10 (0.59, 2.04)	0.76
Cardiovascular hospitalization	1.25 (0.96, 1.63)	0.10	0.97 (0.58, 1.61)	0.89
Death	1.17 (0.76, 1.81)	0.47	0.69 (0.29, 1.65)	0.40
Combined endpoint	1.28 (1.01, 1.61)	0.039	1.02 (0.65, 1.60)	0.93
Model 4
HF hospitalization	1.17 (0.82, 1.69)	0.39	1.21 (0.60, 2.47)	0.59
Cardiovascular hospitalization	1.25 (0.93, 1.68)	0.13	1.04 (0.59, 1.84)	0.90
Death	1.22 (0.75, 1.99)	0.42	0.80 (0.30, 2.14)	0.64
Combined endpoint	1.23 (0.99, 1.53)	0.064	1.08 (0.65, 1.80)	0.77

HF = heart failure; SD = standard deviation; GFR = glomerular filtration rate; CKD = chronic kidney disease

• Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, race, smoking status, and body mass index

• Model 2: adjusted for model 1 covariates plus hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and obstructive sleep apnea

• Model 3: adjusted for model 2 covariates plus ejection fraction and right atrial pressure

• Model 4: adjusted for model 3 covariates plus indices of cardiac mechanics (left atrial reservoir strain, left ventricular longitudinal strain, and right ventricular free wall strain)