Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with RCC and control subjects

Characteristics	Cases	%	Controls	%	t or χ2 test	P value
Age, years	54.65±9.34		53.76±9.10		1.01	0.16
Sex
Male	119	65.75	188	67.63
Female	62	34.25	90	32.37	0.17	0.68
Cigarette smoking
Never	102	56.35	180	64.75
Ever	79	43.65	98	35.25	3.26	0.07
Alcohol drinking
Never	96	53.04	154	55.40
Ever	85	46.96	124	44.60	0.24	0.62
Hypertension
No	129	71.27	231	83.09
Yes	52	28.73	47	16.91	9.06	0.003
Diabetes
No	156	86.19	261	93.88
Yes	25	13.81	17	6.12	7.81	0.005
Family history of cancer
Never	169	93.37	265	95.32
Ever	12	6.63	13	4.68	0.81	0.37
Stage
I-II	113	62.43
III-IV	68	37.57
Histology
Clear cell	147	81.22
Papillary	8	4.42
Chromophobe	17	9.39
Others	9	4.97