Table 1.

WNT-5A in cancer

Cancer	Expression	Signaling	Effector(s)	Consequence(s)
Prostate	Upregulated [146, 147, 168]	PKD-JNK-JunD [147] PKC-NFκB [171] Ca2+-CaMKII [146]	MMP1 [147, 169] BMP6 [171]	Invasion, metastasis [146, 147, 169] Proliferation [171]
Non-melanoma	Upregulated [149]	?	?	Invasion [149]
Melanoma	Upregulated [48, 148, 150]	GEP100-ARF6 [46] Ca2+-Calpain [167] AKT [48] Ca2+, CDC42 [172] PKC-STAT3 [173]	β-Catenin [46] Filamin A [167] VEGF, IL-6, MMP2 [172] LDH5 [174]	Invasion, migration [46, 150, 166, 167] EMT [165] Survival, proliferation [48] Angiogenesis [172] Immune evasion [173] Metabolic reprogramming [174]
Gastric	Upregulated [157]	FAK, Rac1 [157] PI3K-AKT [57] JNK, PKC [159]	Paxillin [157] Actin [57] Laminin γ2 [159]	Migration [57, 157–159] Tumor inflammation [160]
NSCLC	Upregulated [161, 162]	PKC-AKT [164]	BCL-2 [164]	Survival [164]
Acute ATL	Upregulated [151]	?	RANK [151]	Osteolytic lesions [151]
Colorectala	Upregulated [184]	?	?	Invasion [184]
Thyroidc	Upregulated [143]c	Ca2+-CaMKII [143]	β-Catenin [143]c	(Reduced) proliferation, migration [143]c
Breast	Downregulated [141, 142]	CDC42 [189]	β-Catenin [188] MMP9 [189]	Tumor growth [185] Invasion [187–189]
Colorectalb	Downregulated [144]	?	β-Catenin [179]	Proliferation, migration [144, 179, 183]
AML/ALL	Downregulated [145]	?	?	B cell proliferation [145]
ESCC	Downregulated [156]	?	β-Catenin [156]	Proliferation, migration [156]

? unknown

^aEarly recurrence or metastatic

^bLymph-node negative or Dukes’ B

^cDespite overexpression, WNT-5A is suggested to function as tumor suppressor in thyroid carcinoma, reduces β-catenin activity and proliferation and migration