Table 1. Changes in self-efficacy scores before and after falling into income poverty, Australian population with asthma 2007.
| Male | Female | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without AD | With AD | P value | Without AD | With AD | P value | |
| 2,152 | 98 | 2,830 | 132 | |||
| Age (year) | 29.9±0.2 | 27.5±0.6 | 0.0001 | 30.0±0.2 | 27.1±0.6 | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.0±0.1 | 23.8±0.4 | 0.7104 | 21.9±0.1 | 22.5±0.4 | 0.1886 |
| Waist cirecumference (cm) | 82.3±0.3 | 81.6±0.9 | 0.4381 | 73.1±0.2 | 74.4±1.0 | 0.7466 |
| Total body fat mass (kg) | 16.0±0.2 | 16.2±0.6 | 0.7080 | 18.0±0.1 | 19.2±0.7 | 0.0740 |
| Total body fat percentage (%) | 21.7±0.2 | 22.3±0.5 | 0.2655 | 31.6±0.2 | 32.9±0.6 | 0.0335 |
| Trunk fat percentage (%) | 23.3±0.2 | 23.7±0.7 | 0.5638 | 30.0±0.2 | 31.7±0.7 | 0.0249 |
| Leg fat percentage (%) | 40.5±0.4 | 42.4±1.1 | 0.1112 | 70.4±0.3 | 71.5±1.1 | 0.2768 |
| Total muscle mass (kg) | 53.0±0.2 | 52.2±0.7 | 0.2405 | 35.8±0.1 | 35.8±0.5 | 0.8489 |
| Trunk muscle mass (kg) | 25.4±0.1 | 25.1±0.4 | 0.4935 | 18.0±0.1 | 17.8±0.3 | 0.6001 |
| Leg muscle mass (kg) | 17.7±0.1 | 17.3±0.3 | 0.1325 | 11.4±0.0 | 11.5±0.2 | 0.8801 |
| Current smoker (yes), (%) | 51.8 (1.2) | 43.6 (5.4) | 0.1374 | 8.6 (0.7) | 7.3 (2.4) | 0.6144 |
| Heavy drinker (yes), (%) | 17.9 (0.9) | 10.9 (3.6) | 0.1087 | 3.7 (0.4) | 6.3 (2.3) | 0.1686 |
| Regular exercise (yes), (%) | 28.6 (1.2) | 24.6 (4.9) | 0.4365 | 21.0 (1.0) | 22.3 (4.6) | 0.7619 |
| Area of residence (Urban), (%) | 86.3 (1.7) | 89.3 (3.6) | 0.4570 | 87.8 (1.5) | 90.6 (2.8) | 0.3789 |
| Education level (≥13 yr), (%) | 45.9 (1.3) | 39.6 (5.1) | 0.2344 | 47.4 (1.3) | 54.2 (4.3) | 0.1241 |
| Low house hold income | 9.7 (1.0) | 10.3 (3.4) | 0.8654 | 8.4 (0.8) | 14.1 (3.7) | 0.0483 |
| Spouse (yes), (%) | 44.8 (1.7) | 26.2 (4.5) | 0.0002 | 55.6 (1.5) | 30.3 (5.0) | <0.0001 |
| Asthma | 2.8 (0.4) | 7.2 (2.8) | 0.0224 | 2.0 (0.3) | 4.5 (2.2) | 0.0955 |
Values are presented as mean ± SE or percentage.