Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants
| Total (n=15,729) | |
|---|---|
| Age | 43.4±0.2 |
| <60 years old | 85.6±0.4 |
| >60 years old | 14.4±0.4 |
| Sex | |
| Male | 53.7±0.4 |
| Female | 46.3±0.4 |
| Residential region | |
| Urban | 71.0±1.0 |
| Rural | 29.0±1.0 |
| Education level | |
| Less than high school | 26.5±0.6 |
| High school | 40.6±0.6 |
| College or more | 32.9±0.7 |
| Body mass index | 23.7±0.1 |
| No obesity | 67.9±0.5 |
| Obesity | 32.1±0.5 |
| Smoking status | |
| None | 50.5±0.4 |
| Past smoker | 6.7±0.3 |
| Current smoker | 42.8±0.4 |
| Exercise | |
| No | 74.1±0.5 |
| Moderate | 13.6±0.4 |
| Intensive | 17.8±0.4 |
| Regular | 25.9±0.5 |
| Hypertension | |
| No | 77.3±0.4 |
| Yes | 22.7±0.4 |
| Diabetes mellitus | |
| No | 92.4±0.3 |
| Yes | 7.6±0.3 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | |
| No | 86.9±0.3 |
| Yes | 13.1±0.3 |
| Cardiovascular disease | |
| No | 97.7±0.1 |
| Yes | 2.3±0.1 |
| Periodontitis | |
| No | 67.3±0.7 |
| Yes | 32.7±0.7 |
| Decreased eGFR | 95.5±0.3 |
| No | 98.4±0.1 |
| Yes | 1.6±0.1 |
| Proteinuria | |
| No | 98.8±0.1 |
| Yes | 1.2±0.1 |
| Hematuria | |
| No | 85.2±0.4 |
| Yes | 14.8±0.4 |
Data are expressed as weighted means±standard error for continuous variables and weighted percentages±standard error for categorical variables.
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.