Table 10.

Elemental average emissions for 2010 (9 repeats) and 2007 technology engines (12 repeats) for 16-hr cycle, and for 1994 to 2000 technology engines running over the FTP transient cycle

	a,b1994 to 2000 Technology engines, mg/bhp-hr	a2007-Technology engines, mg/bhp-hr	a2010-Technology engines, mg/bhp-hr	Percent reduction relative to 1994 to 2000 technology engines	Percent reduction relative to 2007-technology engines
Zinc	1.16	0.0027 ± 0.0020	0.0025 ± 0.0032	>99	c
Sulfur	2.89	0.2910 ± 0.1290	0.0030 ± 0.0023	>99	99
Calcium	0.02	0.0115 ± 0.0078	0.0030 ± 0.0019	85	74
Silicon	0.02	0.0022 ± 0.0014	0.0009 ± 0.0008	96	c
Copper	0.78	0.0004 ± 0.0002	0.00001 ± 0.00004	>99	98
Lead	1.83	0.0784 ± 0.0731	<0.0001	>99	>99
Iron	1.66	0.0152 ± 0.0092	0.0014 ± 0.0012	>99	91
Chloride	0.18	0.0009 ± 0.0010	0.0003 ± 0.0003	>99	c

Notes: ^aThe significant figures signify the detection limit in mg/bhp-hr.

^bStandard deviation data were not given, as reported in Khalek et al. (2011)

^cNo discernible change within the measurement uncertainties.