Table 2.
Comparison of diagnostic performance of urine dipstick test for proteinuria
| Standard reference | Cutoff | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | PPV (%) | NPV (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCR ≥0.2 | Trace | 90.9 | 87.2 | 81.5 | 94.0 |
| (95% CI) | (90.0–91.8) | (86.4–88.0) | (80.3–82.6) | (93.3–94.6) | |
| 1+ | 80.7 | 95.9 | 92.5 | 89.0 | |
| (95% CI) | (79.5–81.9) | (95.4–96.4) | (91.5–93.3) | (88.2–89.7) | |
| PCR ≥0.5 | Trace | 98.6 | 75.6 | 56.8 | 99.4 |
| (95% CI) | (98.1–99.0) | (74.6–76.5) | (55.3–58.3) | (99.2–99.6) | |
| 1+ | 95.6 | 86.9 | 70.4 | 98.5 | |
| (95% CI) | (94.7–96.3) | (86.1–87.6) | (68.8–71.9) | (98.0–98.7) | |
| ACR ≥300 | Trace | 99.7 | 82.6 | 35.8 | 100.0 |
| (95% CI) | (98.1–100) | (81.3–83.8) | (32.7–38.9) | (99.8–100.0) | |
| 1+ | 95.6 | 92.2 | 54.5 | 99.5 | |
| (95% CI) | (92.7–97.4) | (91.3–93.1) | (50.4–58.5) | (99.2–99.7) | |
| ACR ≥30 | Trace | 63.5 | 93.5 | 82.0 | 84.6 |
| (95% CI) | (60.8–66.2) | (92.5–94.4) | (79.4–84.4) | (83.2–85.9) | |
| 1+ | 46.0 | 98.7 | 94.3 | 79.6 | |
| (95% CI) | (43.2–48.9) | (98.2–99.1) | (92.1–96.0) | (78.2–81.0) | |
ACR, spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio (mg/g); CI, confidence interval; NPV, negative predictive value; PCR, spot urine total protein/creatinine ratio (g/g); PPV, positive predictive value.