Table 3.
PSM-adjusted follow-up (2 years and 3 years) healthcare utilization for hyperlipidemic patients with and without new CV events, categorized by CVD risk level
| History of CV event cohort | Modified CHD RE cohort | Moderate-risk cohort | Low-risk cohort | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without CV events | With CV events | Without CV events | With CV events | Without CV events | With CV events | Without CV events | With CV events | |||||
| (N = 10,741) | (N = 10,741) | (N = 90,614) | (N = 90,614) | (N = 7,938) | (N = 7,938) | (N = 12,527) | (N = 12,527) | |||||
| N/Mean [%]/(SD) | N/Mean [%]/(SD) | P-valuea | N/Mean [%]/(SD) | N/Mean [%]/(SD) | P-valuea | N/Mean [%]/(SD) | N/Mean [%]/(SD) | P-valuea | N/Mean [%]/(SD) | N/Mean [%]/(SD) | P-valuea | |
| All-cause Healthcare Utilization 2 Years Post-index Date | ||||||||||||
| Number of Continuous Enrollment Patients | 5928[55.2 %] | 5576[51.9 %] | <0.0001 | 58916[65.0 %] | 53212[58.7 %] | <0.0001 | 5096[64.2 %] | 4662[58.7 %] | <0.0001 | 8844[70.6 %] | 7822[62.4 %] | <0.0001 |
| Inpatient LOS (days) | 1.50(7.21) | 4.14(16.22) | <0.0001 | 0.71(4.81) | 2.10(9.46) | <0.0001 | 0.60(4.09) | 1.78(9.78) | <0.0001 | 0.24(1.70) | 0.76(4.36) | <0.0001 |
| Number of Visits (PPPM) | ||||||||||||
| Inpatient stays | 0.02(0.05) | 0.04(0.09) | <0.0001 | 0.01(0.04) | 0.03(0.07) | <0.0001 | 0.01(0.03) | 0.02(0.06) | <0.0001 | 0.00(0.02) | 0.01(0.04) | <0.0001 |
| Outpatient Visitsb | 1.72(1.70) | 2.07(2.01) | <0.0001 | 1.26(1.36) | 1.63(1.65) | <0.0001 | 0.97(1.09) | 1.27(1.31) | <0.0001 | 0.73(0.95) | 0.97(1.13) | <0.0001 |
| Outpatient ER Visits | 0.03(0.08) | 0.05(0.13) | <0.0001 | 0.02(0.06) | 0.04(0.09) | <0.0001 | 0.02(0.05) | 0.03(0.08) | <0.0001 | 0.01(0.04) | 0.02(0.07) | <0.0001 |
| Outpatient Pharmacy Visits | 1.63(1.52) | 1.96(1.70) | <0.0001 | 1.36(1.28) | 1.78(1.49) | <0.0001 | 1.22(1.15) | 1.67(1.34) | <0.0001 | 0.62(0.87) | 1.22(1.14) | <0.0001 |
| Outpatient Office Visits | 0.86(0.86) | 0.94(0.94) | <0.0001 | 0.71(0.78) | 0.83(0.82) | <0.0001 | 0.56(0.67) | 0.67(0.74) | <0.0001 | 0.46(0.67) | 0.53(0.64) | <0.0001 |
| All-cause Healthcare Utilization 3 Years Post-index Date | ||||||||||||
| Number of Continuous Enrollment Patients | 3994[37.2 %] | 3533[32.9 %] | <0.0001 | 44654[49.3 %] | 38489[42.5 %] | <0.0001 | 3903[49.2 %] | 3485[43.9 %] | <0.0001 | 7188[57.4 %] | 5971[47.7 %] | <0.0001 |
| Inpatient LOS (days) | 1.38(7.05) | 3.72(14.25) | <0.0001 | 0.69(4.98) | 1.77(8.28) | <0.0001 | 0.72(5.43) | 1.68(8.17) | <0.0001 | 0.29(2.57) | 0.72(5.57) | <0.0001 |
| Number of visits (PPPM) | ||||||||||||
| Inpatient Stays | 0.02(0.05) | 0.04(0.09) | <0.0001 | 0.01(0.04) | 0.02(0.07) | <0.0001 | 0.01(0.03) | 0.02(0.07) | <0.0001 | 0.00(0.02) | 0.01(0.04) | <0.0001 |
| OutpatientVisitsb | 1.64(1.74) | 1.97(2.14) | <0.0001 | 1.24(1.41) | 1.55(1.65) | <0.0001 | 0.96(1.18) | 1.22(1.35) | <0.0001 | 0.77(0.97) | 0.91(1.16) | <0.0001 |
| Outpatient ER Visits | 0.03(0.08) | 0.05(0.11) | <0.0001 | 0.02(0.05) | 0.03(0.10) | <0.0001 | 0.01(0.04) | 0.03(0.09) | <0.0001 | 0.01(0.04) | 0.02(0.06) | <0.0001 |
| Outpatient Pharmacy Visits | 1.62(1.49) | 1.94(1.70) | <0.0001 | 1.36(1.29) | 1.75(1.49) | <0.0001 | 1.22(1.15) | 1.60(1.31) | <0.0001 | 0.69(0.91) | 1.20(1.15) | <0.0001 |
| Outpatient Office Visits | 0.83(0.86) | 0.87(0.89) | 0.043 | 0.70(0.78) | 0.79(0.81) | <0.0001 | 0.55(0.66) | 0.65(0.75) | <0.0001 | 0.48(0.69) | 0.51(0.63) | 0.012 |
PSM propensity score matching, CVD cardiovascular disease, CV cardiovascular, CHD RE coronary heart disease risk equivalent, SD standard deviation, LOS length of stay, PPPM per patient per month, ER emergency room
aChi-square tests were used to evaluate the statistical significance of differences in categorical variables; student t-tests were used for the continuous variables
bOutpatient visits included emergency room, laboratory/pathology, radiology, outpatient surgical or diagnostic procedure and office visits