Table 1.
Descriptive Profile of Participants by Prenatal Medication Exposure Group
| No. (%)
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| No Psychotropic Exposure (n=85) | Anti-depressant Exposure (n=202) | Antipsychotic Exposure (n=22) | |
| Cohort source | |||
| WMHP (n=270) | 47 (55.3) | 201 (99.5) | 22 (100.0) |
| Community (n=39) | 38 (44.7) | 1 (0.5) | 0 |
| Maternal demographics | |||
| Age, y, mean (SD)a | 32.35 (4.47) 34.13 (4.27) | 34.14 (5.10) | |
| Married | 75 (88.2) | 192 (95.0) | 17 (77.3) |
| Median educationa | College graduate | College graduate | College attended |
| Smoked during pregnancy | 4 (4.71) | 16 (7.92) | 3 (13.64) |
| Infant demographics | |||
| Infant age, d, mean (SD) | 181.6 (16.0) 180.7 (15.6) | 184.3 (16.5) | |
| Male | 44 (51.8) | 110 (54.5) | 9 (40.9) |
| No. of siblings, mean (SD)a | 0.44 (0.66) | 0.87 (0.89) | 1.23 (1.19) |
| Obstetrical course | |||
| No. of delivery complications, mean (SD) | 0.73 (0.94) | 1.07 (1.18) | 0.91 (0.87) |
| Gestational age at delivery, wk, mean (SD) | 39.4 (1.54) | 39.1 (1.54) | 38.9 (1.64) |
| Infant birth weight, kg, mean (SD) | 3.42 (0.52) | 3.34 (0.51) | 3.24 (0.47) |
| Prenatal psychotropic exposure | |||
| Antipsychotic exposurea | 0 | 0 | 22 (100.0) |
| SGA | 0 | 0 | 12 (54.6) |
| FGA | 0 | 0 | 9 (40.9) |
| Both SGA and FGA | 0 | 0 | 1 (4.5) |
| Antidepressant exposurea | 0 | 202 (100.0) | 17 (77.2) |
| Anxiolytic exposurea | 0 | 40 (19.8) | 9 (40.9) |
| Hypnotic exposurea | 0 | 18 (8.9) | 1 (4.5) |
| Postnatal psychotropic exposure | |||
| Breastfed at age 6 moa | 55 (65.5) | 113 (55.9) | 6 (27.3) |
| Antipsychotic exposurea | 1 (1.2) | 5 (2.5) | 4 (18.2) |
| Antidepressant exposurea | 18 (21.2) | 111 (55.0) | 5 (22.7) |
| Psychiatric history | |||
| Lifetime diagnosis | |||
| Depressive disorder | 45 (52.9) | 173 (85.6) | 11 (50.0) |
| Bipolar disorder | 4 (4.7) | 12 (5.9) | 10 (45.5) |
| Anxiety disorder | 30 (35.3) | 120 (59.4) | 16 (72.7) |
| Psychotic disorder | 0 | 5 (2.5) | 2 (9.1) |
| Pregnancy diagnosis | |||
| Depressive disorder | 12 (14.1) | 88 (43.6) | 8 (36.4) |
| Bipolar disorder | 3 (3.5) | 5 (2.5) | 7 (31.8) |
| Anxiety disorder | 13 (15.3) | 56 (27.7) | 11 (50.0) |
| Psychotic disorder | 0 | 5 (2.5) | 2 (9.1) |
Abbreviations: FGA, first-generation antipsychotic; SGA, second-generation antipsychotic; WMHP, Women’s Mental Health Program.
P<.05 (between-group differences based on 1-way analysis of variance or χ2 tests). Number of delivery complications reflects a summed count variable of the following: abnormal fetal/infant heart rate, respiratory distress, presence of meconium, anoxia or hypoxia, abnormal fetal position, postpartum hemorrhage, forceps, vacuum extraction, induced labor, placental previa or placental abruption; marital status reflects a nominal variable of whether the mother was married or partnered; infant age is presented as age in days corrected for gestational age; gestational age reflects number of weeks at delivery; postnatal psychotropic exposure reflects women prescribed medication after birth who were breastfeeding at the time of the 6-month visit; and psychiatric history variables reflect the comorbidity evident in this sample; thus, women may fall into more than 1 cell.