Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to sodium levels (mEqu/L) in 3099 men with no diagnosed CHD, stroke or heart failure.
| Sodium (mEq/L) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <136 (N = 207) | 136-138 (N = 698) | 139-143 (N = 2029) | 144 (N = 109) | ≥145 (N = 56) | P overall difference | |
| Age (yrs) | 69.8 (5.53) | 68.6 (5.47) | 68.0 (5.35) | 68.6 (5.47) | 68.2 (5.74) | <0.0001 |
| % current smokers | 18.0 | 14.9 | 12.2 | 10.2 | 7.3 | 0.04 |
| % active | 13.9 | 8.6 | 5.2 | 12.3 | 3.9 | 0.02 |
| % manual | 54.6 | 58.3 | 51.4 | 48.6 | 53.1 | 0.02 |
| % moderate/heavy drinkers | 22.7 | 19.5 | 19.3 | 9.2 | 12.5 | 0.03 |
| % diabetes | 15.9 | 16.2 | 7.8 | 15.9 | 8.9 | <0.0001 |
| % cancer | 3.9 | 6.5 | 5.6 | 1.9 | 1.8 | P = 0.19 |
| % antihypertensive drugs | 30.4 | 23.2 | 23.3 | 19.3 | 23.2 | 0.15 |
| % diuretics | 10.5 | 8.1 | 5.7 | 4.7 | 7.6 | 0.03 |
| % statins | 1.9 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 0.43 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.8 (3.52) | 26.8 (3.76) | 26.8 (3.46) | 27.4 (3.95) | 27.1 (3.14) | 0.001 |
| Muscle mass (kg) | 25.5 (2.51) | 26.2 (2.29) | 26.6 (2.33) | 26.7 (2.13) | 28.9 (2.29) | <0.0001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 151.3 (23.8) | 149.0 (22.6) | 150.4 (24.1) | 148.5 (24.3) | 156.6 (25.1) | 0.14 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.89 (1.14) | 6.15 (1.06) | 6.07 (1.05) | 6.13 (1.03) | 5.90 (1.26) | 0.02 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.38 (0.35) | 1.35 (0.37) | 1.33 (0.34) | 1.32 (0.29) | 1.27 (0.31) | 0.11 |
| Glucose*(mmol/l) | 6.23 (5.26–6.25) | 6.05 (5.31–6.29) | 5.70 (5.24–6.02) | 5.64 (5.20–5.89) | 5.75 (5.17–5.79) | <0.0001 |
| FEV1 (L) | 2.40 (0.73) | 2.60 (0.66) | 2.67 (0.65) | 2.54 (0.56) | 2.68 (0.69) | <0.0001 |
| CRP*(mg/L) | 2.24 (0.88–5.55) | 1.73 (0.78–3.59) | 1.57 (0.78–3.09) | 1.72 (0.89–3.75) | 1.36 (0.70–2.85) | <0.0001 |
| eGFR(ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 76.1 (11.6) | 73.4 (12.3) | 72.7 (12.2) | 69.1 (11.0) | 73.5 (21.8) | <0.0001 |
| NT-proBNP | 109.9 (52–205) | 81.5 (41–154) | 80.6 (40–147) | 90.0 (42–182) | 93.7 (50–202) | 0.004 |
| ALP | 86.5 (71–108) | 79.8 (66–94) | 80.6 (68–94) | 85.6 (67–99) | 83.1 (69–95) | 0.006 |
| GGT | 33.1 (20–44) | 28.8 (19–38) | 27.7 (19–38) | 27.1 (19–38) | 27.7 (18–32) | 0.0007 |
| Blood urea | 5.52 (1.52) | 5.88 (1.73) | 5.98 (1.51) | 5.89 (1.26) | 6.17 (1.42) | 0.001 |
Mean and SD; * geometric mean and interquartile range.