Table 2.
Incidence rates/1000 person years and adjusted hazards ratios (95%CI) for major cardiovascular events by serum sodium levels (mEqu/L) in 3099 men without CHD, stroke or heart failure.
| Serum sodium (mEq/L) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <136 (N = 207) | 136-138 (N = 698) | 139-143 (N = 2029) | 144 (N = 109) | ≥145 (N = 56) | |
| All CVD events (n = 528) | |||||
| Rate/1000 per-yrs | 27.7 (49) | 22.1 (140) | 15.3 (303) | 19.3 (20) | 32.7 (16) |
| Age-adjusted | 1.50 (1.11,2.07) | 1.42 (1.16,1.73) | 1.00 | 1.20 (0.76,1.88) | 2.20 (1.33,3.63) |
| Model 1 | 1.55 (1.13,2.12) | 1.40 (1.14,1.72) | 1.00 | 1.24 (0.78,2.00) | 2.24 (1.33,3.65) |
| Model 2 | 1.52 (1.10,2.09) | 1.38 (1.12,1.69) | 1.00 | 1.23 (0.77,2.00) | 2.16 (1.30,3.50) |
| Model 3 | 1.48 (1.08,2.04) | 1.43 (1.16,1.76) | 1.00 | 1.20 (0.75,1.91) | 2.07 (1.23,3.42) |
| (with exclusiona) | 1.46 (1.01,2.10) | 1.31 (1.02,1.67) | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.56,0.82) | 2.38 (1.31,4.32) |
| CHD events (n = 269) | |||||
| Rate/1000 per-yrs (n) | 10.7 (20) | 11.2 (73) | 7.8 (158) | 10.4 (11) | 13.2 (7) |
| Age-adjusted | 1.17 (0.73,1.86) | 1.40 (1.06,1.85) | 1.00 | 1.28 (0.70,2.36) | 1.71 (0.80,3.64) |
| Model 1 | 1.19 (0.73,1.94) | 1.39 (1.05,1.85) | 1.00 | 1.36 (0.74,2.52) | 1.71 (0.80,3.66) |
| Model 2 | 1.14 (0.70,1.86) | 1.34 (1.01,1.79) | 1.00 | 1.40 (0.76,2.59) | 1.69 (0.79,3.62) |
| Model 3 | 1.18 (0.72,1.93) | 1.45 (1.09,1.94) | 1.00 | 1.37 (0.74,2.54) | 1.63 (0.76,3.50) |
| (with exclusiona) | 1.20 (0.69,2.10) | 1.46 (1.04,2.04) | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.45,2.35) | 1.68 (0.67,4.21) |
| Stroke events (n = 209) | |||||
| Rate/1000 per-yrs | 15.6 (28) | 8.1 (52) | 5.7 (116) | 5.7 (6) | 14.2 (7) |
| Age-adjusted | 2.29 (1.51,3.48) | 1.38 (1.00,1.92) | 1.00 | 0.94 (0.42,2.15) | 2.54 (1.19,5.46) |
| Model 1 | 2.30 (1.49,3.55) | 1.43 (1.02,2.00) | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.35,2.11) | 2.60 (1.21,5.62) |
| Model 2 | 2.28 (1.48,3.53) | 1.43 (1.02,2.00) | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.35,2.11) | 2.57 (1.19,5.54) |
| Model 3 | 2.12 (1.37,3.28) | 1.42 (1.02,2.50) | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.34,2.04) | 2.49 (1.15,5.39) |
| (with exclusiona) | 2.02 (1.23,3.32) | 1.14 (0.76,1.71) | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.29,2.18) | 2.58 (1.04,6.45) |
| CVD deaths (n = 293) | |||||
| Rate/1000 per-yrs | 15.3 (29) | 12.8 (85) | 7.6 (156) | 13.0 (14) | 16.7 (9) |
| Age-adjusted | 1.55 (1.04,2.30) | 1.62 (1.24,2.11) | 1.00 | 1.63 (0.94,2.81) | 2.25 (1.15,4.41) |
| Model 1 | 1.60 (1.05,2.43) | 1.58 (1.20,2.08) | 1.00 | 1.77 (1.00,3.14) | 2.38 (1.21,4.69) |
| Model 2 | 1.53 (1.01,2.34) | 1.53 (1.16,2.01) | 1.00 | 1.81 (1.02,3.26) | 2.32 (1.17,4.57) |
| Model 3 | 1.61 (1.05,2.46) | 1.64 (1.24,2.16) | 1.00 | 1.73 (0.98,3.08) | 2.25 (1.14,4.47) |
| (with exclusiona) | 1.68 (1.03,2.73) | 1.58 (1.12,2.22) | 1.00 | 1.19 (0.52,2.73) | 2.57 (1.09,6.03) |
Model 1 = adjusted for age, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, social class, BMI use of antihypertensive drugs, diabetes, lung function, systolic blood pressure and eGFR.
Model 2 adjusted for Model 1 + muscle mass.
Model 3 Adjusted for Model 1 + CRP + alkaline phosphatase + NT-proBNP.
a
Exclude men with diuretic use, renal dysfunction (eGFR<60) and current smokers.