TABLE 3.
Preadmission Factors, Outcomes, and Their Relationship to All-Cause In-Hospital Mortality
| Variable | Trauma
|
Nontrauma
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lived (n = 1,242) | Died (n = 165) | p | Lived (n = 691) | Died (n = 193) | p | |
| Age, mean, (SD), yr | 42.3 (17.9) | 52.8 (20.6) | < 0.0001 | 57.1 (14.3) | 64.1 (14.6) | < 0.0001 |
|
| ||||||
| Sex, female, % | 28.0 | 21.2 | 0.065 | 47.5 | 44.0 | 0.40 |
|
| ||||||
| Race, % | ||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 81.6 | 89.1 | 0.036 | 85.7 | 82.9 | 0.39 |
| Black | 11.8 | 8.5 | 11.1 | 11.9 | ||
| Other | 6.7 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 5.2 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Pre-ICU admission medical history, % | ||||||
| No comorbidities | 34.0 | 52.1 | < 0.0001 | 12.7 | 7.3 | 0.035 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7.7 | 11.5 | 0.095 | 30.0 | 23.3 | 0.071 |
| Cardiac disease | 10.8 | 25.5 | < 0.0001 | 30.7 | 39.4 | 0.023 |
| Pulmonary disease | 9.4 | 12.7 | 0.18 | 25.4 | 23.8 | 0.66 |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 0.7 | 4.2 | < 0.0001 | 11.0 | 13.0 | 0.45 |
| Chronic corticosteroid use | 0.9 | 2.4 | 0.089 | 7.3 | 13.0 | 0.012 |
| Hypertension | 19.1 | 24.9 | 0.081 | 50.9 | 44.6 | 0.12 |
| Hepatic dysfunction | 2.9 | 8.5 | 0.0003 | 17.4 | 21.2 | 0.22 |
| Malignancy | 2.3 | 3.6 | 0.28 | 22.3 | 35.2 | 0.0003 |
|
| ||||||
| Solid organ transplant, % | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.31 | 14.6 | 15.0 | 0.89 |
|
| ||||||
| Menopausal status (women only), % | ||||||
| Premenopausal | 47.1 | 3.5 | 0.0027 | 19.8 | 8.2 | 0.014 |
| Perimenopausal | 14.4 | 25.7 | 13.2 | 9.4 | ||
| Postmenopausal | 38.5 | 57.2 | 66.5 | 82.4 | ||
|
| ||||||
| National Institutes of Health weight classification, % | ||||||
| Underweight (BMI, < 18.5) | 5.0 | 6.0 | 0.96 | 13.8 | 16.0 | 0.16 |
| Normal weight (BMI, 18.5–24.9) | 35.0 | 34.1 | 29.4 | 32.4 | ||
| Overweight (BMI, 25.0–29.9) | 48.3 | 51.0 | 46.1 | 47.3 | ||
| Obese (BMI, 30.0–39.9) | 40.4 | 39.0 | 46.7 | 20.7 | ||
| Extremely obese (BMI, ≥ 40) | 16.0 | 11.1 | 33.8 | 20.6 | ||
|
| ||||||
| Trauma mechanism, % | ||||||
| Blunt | 88.5 | 90.9 | 0.35 | NA | NA | NA |
| Penetrating | 11.5 | 9.1 | NA | NA | NA | |
|
| ||||||
| Abode prior to admission, n (%) | ||||||
| Home | 97.7 | 11.9 | 0.36 | 87.3 | 86.5 | 0.79 |
| Skilled nursing facility | 0.3 | 0.0 | > 0.99 | 3.4 | 5.1 | 0.28 |
|
| ||||||
| World Health Organization score at ICU Admission, mean (SD) | 0.15 (0.5) | 0.35 (0.7) | 0.0007 | 1.2 (1.2) | 1.4 (1.1) | 0.18 |
|
| ||||||
| McCabe score at ICU Admission, mean (SD) | 0.19 (0.4) | 0.46 (0.63) | < 0.0001 | 1.0 (0.7) | 1.3 (0.8) | < 0.0001 |
|
| ||||||
| Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, mean (SD) | 15.4 (5.9) | 21.8 (6.3) | < 0.0001 | 18.1 (6.4) | 22.4 (6.9) | < 0.0001 |
|
| ||||||
| Marshall or Multiple Organ Dysfunction score, mean (SD) | 7.2 (3.6) | 8.9 (3.3) | < 0.0001 | 7.5 (4.5) | 7.5 (5.0) | 0.90 |
|
| ||||||
| Injury Severity Score, mean (SD) | 28.9 (12.0) | 15.1 (17.0) | 0.024 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||
| Probability of trauma survival, mean (SD) | 0.71 (0.30) | 0.52 (0.36) | < 0.0001 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||
| Do-not-resuscitate status at time of ICU admission, % | 0.5 | 4.9 | < 0.0001 | 0.6 | 6.2 | < 0.0001 |
|
| ||||||
| Blood cell product transfusion, % | 72.8 | 12.5 | 0.25 | 73.6 | 84.3 | 0.0031 |
|
| ||||||
| Required mechanical ventilation, % | 92.5 | 95.2 | 0.22 | 87.3 | 89.1 | 0.49 |
|
| ||||||
| Length of stay, mean (SD) | ||||||
| ICU length of stay | 11.5 (9.6) | 10.2 (10.3) | 0.091 | 13.3 (11.2) | 21.2 (55) | 0.049 |
| Hospital length of stay | 11.3 (27.1) | 13.6 (15.1) | < 0.0001 | 30.0 (28.1) | 35.8 (62.1) | 0.21 |
|
| ||||||
| Infection, % | ||||||
| Patients with infections acquired in the ICU | 46.6 | 44.2 | 0.57 | 40.5 | 60.6 | < 0.0001 |
| Patients treated for pneumonia acquired in the ICU | 36.6 | 29.1 | 0.058 | 21.0 | 36.8 | < 0.0001 |
BMI = body mass index, NA = not applicable.
Statistically significant p values are in bold font.