TABLE 1.
Participants’ Self-Reported Insulin-Related Attitudes and Behaviors
| Total (n = 60) | Pen (n = 44) | Syringe (n = 16) | P | |
| Confident in determining correct dose (%) | 1.00* | |||
| Not at all | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Somewhat | 16.7 | 15.9 | 18.8 | |
| Moderately | 15.0 | 15.9 | 12.5 | |
| Very | 68.3 | 68.2 | 68.8 | |
| Confident in proper injection (%) | 1.00* | |||
| Not at all | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
| Somewhat | 6.7 | 6.8 | 6.3 | |
| Moderately | 10.0 | 11.4 | 6.3 | |
| Very | 83.3 | 81.8 | 87.5 | |
| Administers correct insulin dose (%) | 0.778 | |||
| Always | 56.7 | 54.5 | 62.5 | |
| Usually | 30.0 | 29.5 | 31.3 | |
| Sometimes or never | 13.3 | 15.9 | 6.3 | |
| Administers insulin at correct times (%) | 0.096 | |||
| Always | 28.3 | 20.5 | 50.0 | |
| Usually | 50.0 | 54.5 | 37.5 | |
| Sometimes or never | 21.7 | 25.0 | 12.5 | |
| Insulin adjustment required (%) | 0.144 | |||
| Always | 21.7 | 15.9 | 37.5 | |
| Usually | 30.0 | 29.5 | 31.3 | |
| Sometimes or never | 48.3 | 54.5 | 31.3 | |
| Number of hypoglycemic episodes in the past year (%) | 0.370 | |||
| 0 | 88.3 | 90.9 | 81.3 | |
| ≥1 | 11.7 | 9.1 | 18.8 | |
| Diabetes numeracy: total correct (%) | 0.863 | |||
| 0 | 10.0 | 9.1 | 12.5 | |
| 1 | 28.3 | 27.3 | 31.3 | |
| 2 | 33.3 | 36.4 | 25.0 | |
| 3 | 28.3 | 27.3 | 31.3 | |
| Skin problems at injection site (%) | 0.060 | |||
| None | 61.7 | 54.5 | 81.3 | |
| Lipohypertrophy and other problems | 38.3 | 45.5 | 18.7 | |
| Rotates injection sites (%) | 0.738 | |||
| Always | 74.6 | 72.7 | 80.0 | |
| Not always | 25.4 | 27.3 | 20.0 | |
| Checks expiration date (%) | 0.951 | |||
| Always | 43.1 | 42.9 | 43.8 | |
| Not always | 56.9 | 57.1 | 56.3 | |
| Uses expired insulin (%) | 0.885 | |||
| No | 86.4 | 86.0 | 87.5 | |
| Yes | 13.6 | 14.0 | 12.5 | |
| Correct knowledge of insulin duration (%) | 0.018 | |||
| No | 16.9 | 9.3 | 37.5 | |
| Yes | 83.1 | 90.7 | 62.5 | |
| Brought glucose meter (%) | 0.760 | |||
| Yes | 66.7 | 68.2 | 62.5 |
*
Fisher’s exact test; other P values reflect Χ2 analyses.