Table 2.
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Race/Ethnicity | ||||
White (Ref) | ||||
Black | 2.53 *** | 2.13 *** | 2.12 *** | 1.91 *** |
Hispanic | 1.58 ** | 1.37 * | 1.47 ** | 1.33 * |
Other Race | 1.73 *** | 1.74 *** | 1.71 *** | 1.55 ** |
Age | 1.02 *** | 1.01 *** | 1.02 *** | 1.03 *** |
Household Income | ||||
$0 – $34,999 (Ref) | ||||
$35,000 – $74,999 | 0.62 *** | 0.64 *** | 0.62 *** | |
$75,000+ | 0.30 *** | 0.32 *** | 0.31 *** | |
Educational Attainment | ||||
Less than High School Degree (Ref) | ||||
High School Degree | 0.54 *** | 0.56 *** | 0.58 *** | |
Some College | 0.46 *** | 0.48 *** | 0.48 *** | |
College Degree | 0.31 *** | 0.35 *** | 0.34 *** | |
Professional Degree | 0.25 *** | 0.30 *** | 0.31 *** | |
Marital Status | ||||
Married (Ref) | ||||
Divorced | 1.20 * | 1.11 | 1.06 | |
Widowed | 0.92 | 0.88 | 0.93 | |
Never Married | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.11 | |
Smoking | ||||
Never Smoker (Ref) | ||||
Past Smoker | 1.37 *** | 1.27 ** | ||
Current Someday Smoker | 2.13 *** | 1.87 *** | ||
Current Everyday Smoker | 2.40 *** | 2.18 *** | ||
Age of Entry | ||||
20 and Below (Ref) | ||||
21 to 24 | 0.78 *** | |||
25+ | 1.08 | |||
Branch of Service | ||||
Army (Ref) | ||||
Navy | 0.73 *** | |||
Marines | 0.96 | |||
Air Force | 0.88 | |||
Other/Multiple Branches | 0.85 | |||
Duration of Service | ||||
0 to 4 (Ref) | ||||
5 to 19 years | 1.16 † | |||
20+ years | 1.29 * | |||
Combat Experiences | ||||
Served in combat/war zone | 0.89 | |||
Exposed to death | 1.39 *** | |||
Environmental Hazards | ||||
Definitely/probably exposed (Ref) | ||||
Probably not exposed | 0.51 *** | |||
Definitely not exposed | 0.42 *** | |||
Unsure | 0.68 *** | |||
Most Recent Period of Service | ||||
WWII-Vietnam (Ref) | ||||
Vietnam | 1.19 † | |||
Post-Vietnam | 0.93 |
p < 0.1
p <0.05
p <0.01
p < 0.001
Source: National Survey of Veterans, 2010
Model 1 controls only for Age. Model 2 controls for Age and SES. Model 3 controls for Age, SES, and Smoking.
Model 4 controls for Age, SES, Smoking, and Military Factors.
Note: Missing data were handled by STATAs multiple imputation suite.