Fig 1. Parametric finite element model of the functionally graded scaffold utilized in the study.

CAD model (A-B) and finite element mesh (C-D) of the scaffold (A, C) and granulation tissue (B, D). Circular pores with variable radius A have been modelled. The nodes of the bottom surface of the model were clamped (E-G) while those of the upper surface were tied to a rigid plate (represented in blue). Three different loading conditions were hypothesized: a compression force $\overline{F_V}$ (E); a shear force $\overline{F_H}$ (F); a mixed compression-shear force $\overline{F_M}$ (G). The pore pressure p_pore on the outer surfaces of the granulation tissue was set equal to zero to simulate the free exudation of fluid.