Table 2.
Characteristics of acute HIV infection (AHI) and seronegative patient visits in Mombasa, Kenya; Kilifi, Kenya; Lilongwe, Malawi; and Durban, South Africa.
| Characteristics Risk group | Mombasa, Kenyaa, FSW |
Kilifi, Kenyaa, MSM |
Lilongwe, Malawi, STD clinic patients |
Durban, South Africa High-risk women |
Comparison across study sites |
Pooled estimate |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of AHI visits | 77 | 20 | 14 | 11 | P-value | 122 | |||||
| Socio-demographic characteristics | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Age (18–29 years) | 44 | 57.1 | 15 | 75.0 | 13 | 92.9 | 4 | 36.4 | 0.01 | 76 | 62.3 |
| Symptoms | |||||||||||
| Fever | 36 | 46.8 | 15 | 75.0 | 7 | 50.0 | 3 | 18.2 | 0.02 | 60 | 49.2 |
| Diarrhoea | 7 | 9.1 | 7 | 35.0 | 2 | 14.3 | 2 | 18.2 | 0.04 | 18 | 14.8 |
| Fatigue | 27 | 35.1 | 16 | 80.0 | 2 | 14.3 | 2 | 18.2 | <0.001 | 47 | 38.5 |
| Headache | 32 | 41.6 | 15 | 75.0 | 5 | 35.7 | 1 | 9.1 | 0.003 | 53 | 43.4 |
| Body aches (arthralgia, myalgia) | 26 | 33.8 | 17 | 85.0 | 6 | 42.9 | 2 | 18.2 | <0.001 | 51 | 41.8 |
| Sore throat | 10 | 13.0 | 12 | 60.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 18.2 | <0.001 | 24 | 19.7 |
| Rash | 3 | 3.9 | 2 | 10.0 | 1 | 7.1 | 2 | 18.2 | 0.3 | 8 | 6.6 |
| Any symptom | 51 | 66.2 | 19 | 95.0 | 7 | 50.0 | 3 | 27.3 | 0.001 | 80 | 65.6 |
| Signs | |||||||||||
| Maculopapular skin rash | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 5.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.8 |
| Genital ulcer | 13 | 16.9 | 1 | 5.0 | 11 | 78.6 | 1 | 9.1 | <0.001 | 26 | 21.3 |
| Any palpable lymph nodes | 2 | 2.6 | 4 | 20.0 | 6 | 42.9 | 0 | 0.0 | <0.001 | 12 | 9.8 |
| Any sign | 14 | 18.2 | 5 | 25 | 13 | 92.9 | 1 | 9.1 | <0.001 | 33 | 27.1 |
| Number of HIV-1-seronegative visits | 33 321 | 7034 | 839 | 4844 | 45 961 | ||||||
| Socio-demographic characteristics | |||||||||||
| Age (18–29 years) | 33244 | 36.4 | 5051 | 71.8 | 634 | 75.6 | 1463 | 30.2 | <0.001 | 19238 | 41.9 |
| Symptoms | |||||||||||
| Fever | 5207 | 15.5 | 1063 | 15.1 | 184 | 21.9 | 140 | 2.9 | 0.02 | 6523 | 14.2 |
| Diarrhoea | 1023 | 3.1 | 429 | 6.1 | 34 | 4.1 | 102 | 2.1 | 0.04 | 1578 | 3.4 |
| Fatigue | 2273 | 6.8 | 975 | 13.8 | 74 | 8.8 | 133 | 2.8 | <0.001 | 3431 | 7.5 |
| Headache | 5625 | 16.8 | 1317 | 18.7 | 216 | 25.7 | 277 | 5.7 | 0.003 | 7365 | 16.0 |
| Body aches (arthralgia, myalgia) | 2707 | 8.1 | 1305 | 18.5 | 144 | 17.2 | 166 | 3.4 | <0.001 | 4283 | 9.3 |
| Sore throat | 1374 | 4.1 | 584 | 8.3 | 11 | 1.3 | 100 | 2.1 | <0.001 | 2053 | 4.5 |
| Rash | 426 | 1.3 | 210 | 3.0 | 75 | 8.9 | 108 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 817 | 1.8 |
| Any symptom | 9805 | 29.3 | 2578 | 36.6 | 436 | 52.0 | 605 | 12.5 | 0.001 | 13306 | 29.0 |
| Signs | |||||||||||
| Maculo-papular skin rash | 178 | 0.5 | 100 | 1.4 | 19 | 2.3 | 97 | 2.0 | 0.2 | 391 | 0.9 |
| Genital ulcer | 331 | 1.0 | 41 | 0.6 | 220 | 26.2 | 3 | 0.1 | <0.001 | 590 | 1.3 |
| Any palpable lymph nodes | 1450 | 4.3 | 738 | 10.5 | 158 | 18.8 | 260 | 5.4 | <0.001 | 2590 | 5.6 |
| Any sign | 1878 | 5.6 | 834 | 11.8 | 313 | 37.3 | 346 | 7.1 | <0.001 | 3351 | 7.3 |
FSW, female sex worker; STD, sexually transmitted disease.
a
For the two Kenya sites (Mombasa and Kilifi), datasets were updated to include additional visits beyond what was included in the published algorithm articles.