Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| n = 518 | Mean (SD) or median (IQR) or N (%) |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 66 (9.3) |
| Women, (%) | 317 (61%) |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 138 (18) |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 70 (9) |
| Hypertension, % | 398 (77) |
| Diabetes, % | 97 (19) |
| Chronic kidney disease, % | 68 (13) |
| Smoker, % | 222 (43) |
| History of cardiovascular disease, % | 76 (15) |
| Echocardiographic measures | |
| LV mass index, g/m2 | 93 (77–105) |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 63 (6) |
| LA volume index, ml/m2 | 29 (23–42) |
| LV GLS, % | −18.0 (2.1) |
| Peak circumferential strain, % | −27.3 (5.1) |
| Peak radial strain, % | 34.9 (10.1) |
| Arterial load | |
| TAC, ml/mm Hg | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) |
| Zc, dyne-s/cm5 | 188 (145–288) |
| Augmentation index, % | 13.8 (6.6–22.5) |
| SVR, dyn s cm5 | 1,472 (1,264–1,713) |
| Medications | |
| ACEI/ARB, % | 236 (45) |
| Beta blocker, % | 210 (40) |
| Calcium channel blocker, % | 104 (20) |
| Diuretics, % | 258 (50) |
History of cardiovascular disease was defined as history of myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, or stroke.
Abbreviations: AI, augmentation index; ACEI/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II-receptor blocker; GLS, lobal peak longitudinal strain; SVR, systemic vascular resistance; TAC, total arterial compliance; Zc, aortic characteristic impedance.