Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of study sample (n=77)
| N (%) | |
|---|---|
| Maternal Characteristics | |
| Ethnicity | |
| Mam-speaking indigenous Mayan | 56 (73%) |
| Spanish-speaking mestizo | 21 (27%) |
| Maternal education | |
| None | 6 (8%) |
| Elementary | 36 (47%) |
| Middle/Secondary/Technical school | 35 (45%) |
| Infant Characteristics | |
| Infant sex | |
| Female | 38 (49%) |
| Feeding | |
| Breast | 53 (71%) |
| Bottle/breast | 22 (30%) |
| Birth place | |
| Home | 23 (30%) |
| Health Center/National Hospital | 49 (64%) |
| Private Hospital | 5 (6%) |
| Delivery type | |
| Vaginal | 58 (75%) |
| Cesarean | 19 (25%) |
| Neonatal complications at birth | 24 (31%) |
| Height for age z-score | |
| Moderate (% >2 SD below median z-score) | 20 (26%) |
| Severe (% >3 SD below median z-score) | 13 (17%) |
| Weight for age z-score | |
| Moderate (% >2 SD below median z-score) | 5 (7%) |
| Severe (% > 3 SD below median z-score) | 4 (5%) |
| Head circumference for age z-score | |
| Moderate (% >2 SD below median z-score) | 10 (13%) |
| Severe (% >3 SD below median z-score) | 0 (0%) |
| Household Characteristics | |
| Residence | |
| Urban | 6 (8%) |
| Rural | 71 (92%) |
| Primary household occupation | |
| Cultivates other’s land | 26 (34%) |
| Cultivates own land | 19 (25%) |
| Employee (public or private); artisan; commerce | 30 (39%) |
| Number of household members, mean (SD) | 7.6 (3%) |
| Number of people providing economic support, mean (SD) | 1.9 (1%) |
| Ratio household members to economic support | 4.7 (2%) |
| Stove type | |
| Wood-fired chimney stove | 58 (75%) |
| Wood-fired open fire | 13 (17%) |
| Propane gas stove | 6 (8%) |
| Lighting | |
| Electricity | 70 (91%) |
| Candles/kerosene lamp | 7(9%) |