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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 16.
Published in final edited form as: Allergy. 2015 Oct 20;71(1):5–14. doi: 10.1111/all.12761

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Possible mechanisms of autophagy-dependent regulation of airway fibrosis: Autophagy may regulate airway fibrosis via two different mechanisms: Hypothesis (A) Autophagy is required for airway fibrosis by serving as a backup energy reserve providing the cellular resources needed during ECM protein biosynthesis. Hypothesis (B) Autophagy inhibits airway fibrosis via degradation of ECM proteins and their precursors. ASM = airway smooth muscle, ECM = extracellular matrix, Baf A1 = bafilomycin A1, CQ = chloroquine, 3- MA = 3-methyladenine, MΦ = macrophage, TGFβ = transforming growth factor-beta, mTOR = mammalian target of rapamycin.