Table 2.
Age Group | Variable | Cut pointa | CAPA/PAPA estimateb | Modeled estimateb | Biasb | FPc (%) | FNc (%) | Sensd | Specd | PPVe | NPVe | AUCdf | AUCcf |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model one = four‐level impact item (0–3) predictor | |||||||||||||
4–11 | MDI | 1 | 21.55 | 36.88 | 15.33 | 25.09 | 9.76 | 0.547 | 0.680 | 0.320 | 0.845 | 0.614 | 0.714 |
4–11 | MDI | 2 | 21.55 | 5.15 | −16.40 | 1.02 | 17.43 | 0.191 | 0.987 | 0.801 | 0.816 | 0.589 | |
4–11 | MDSI | 2 | 8.81 | 5.15 | −3.67 | 1.35 | 5.02 | 0.430 | 0.985 | 0.737 | 0.947 | 0.708 | 0.806 |
12–17 | MDI | 1 | 21.00 | 30.20 | 9.20 | 11.32 | 2.12 | 0.899 | 0.857 | 0.625 | 0.970 | 0.878 | 0.803 |
12–17 | MDI | 2 | 21.00 | 7.32 | −13.68 | 1.78 | 15.46 | 0.264 | 0.977 | 0.756 | 0.833 | 0.621 | |
12–17 | MDSI | 2 | 9.99 | 7.32 | −2.67 | 1.93 | 4.60 | 0.539 | 0.979 | 0.736 | 0.950 | 0.759 | 0.866 |
Model two = SDQ score (0–10) predictor | |||||||||||||
4–11 | MDI | 3 | 21.55 | 25.07 | 3.52 | 12.37 | 8.85 | 0.589 | 0.842 | 0.507 | 0.882 | 0.716 | 0.764 |
4–11 | MDSI | 4 | 8.81 | 9.32 | 0.50 | 7.23 | 6.73 | 0.237 | 0.921 | 0.224 | 0.926 | 0.579 | 0.797 |
12–17 | MDI | 4 | 21.00 | 26.13 | 5.13 | 13.54 | 8.41 | 0.599 | 0.829 | 0.482 | 0.886 | 0.714 | 0.813 |
12–17 | MDSI | 5 | 9.99 | 11.04 | 1.05 | 5.41 | 4.35 | 0.564 | 0.940 | 0.510 | 0.951 | 0.752 | 0.862 |
Model three=SDQ score (0–10) and impact item (0 –3) predictors | |||||||||||||
4–11 | MDI | 21.55 | 25.18 | 3.63 | 12.47 | 8.85 | 0.589 | 0.841 | 0.505 | 0.882 | 0.715 | 0.785 | |
4–11 | MDSI | 8.81 | 7.97 | −0.85 | 3.77 | 4.62 | 0.476 | 0.959 | 0.526 | 0.950 | 0.717 | 0.834 | |
12–17 | MDI | 21.00 | 21.14 | 0.14 | 7.11 | 6.97 | 0.668 | 0.910 | 0.664 | 0.912 | 0.789 | 0.847 | |
12–17 | MDSI | 9.99 | 7.93 | −2.06 | 2.15 | 4.21 | 0.579 | 0.976 | 0.729 | 0.954 | 0.777 | 0.913 | |
Model four=subset of up to five individuaL SDQ item scores (0–2) and impact item (0–3) predictors | |||||||||||||
4–11 | MDI9 | 21.55 | 21.12 | −0.43 | 7.59 | 8.01 | 0.628 | 0.903 | 0.641 | 0.898 | 0.766 | 0.800 | |
4–11 | MDSI | 8.81 | 8.92 | 0.11 | 4.77 | 4.66 | 0.471 | 0.948 | 0.466 | 0.949 | 0.710 | 0.873 | |
12–17 | MDI | 21.00 | 21.24 | 0.24 | 7.84 | 7.60 | 0.638 | 0.901 | 0.631 | 0.904 | 0.770 | 0.851 | |
12–17 | MDSI | 9.99 | 10.02 | 0.03 | 3.34 | 3.31 | 0.669 | 0.963 | 0.667 | 0.963 | 0.816 | 0.910 |
AUCc=area under ROC curve (continuous predictor); AUCd=area under ROC curve (dichotomous predictor); FN=false negative; FP=false positive; MDI=mental disorder with impairment; MDSI=mental disorder with severe impairment; NPV=negative predictive value; CAPA/PAPA= child and adolescent psychiatric assessment (CAPA) or preschool age psychiatric assessment (PAPA); PPV=positive predictive value; ROC=receiver operating characteristic, Sens=sensitivity, Spec=specificity.
For models with a single predictor, a cut point of x indicates that a score ≥ x will result in a positive MDI or MDSI prediction; for models with multiple predictors, the cut point is not given (see Table 2, footnotes 7 and 8).
CAPA/PAPA Estimate and Modeled Estimate refer to prevalence estimates of MDI or MDSI based on CAPA/PAPA determinations and model predictions, respectively. Bias is the difference between modeled and CAPA/PAPA estimates.
FP and FN are percentages of weighted false positive and false negative counts, respectively.
Sens (i.e. sensitivity) is the weighted proportion of CAPA/PAPA MDI or MDSI positive cases also predicted MDI or MDSI positive (i.e. positive “hit” rate). Spec (i.e. specificity) is the weighted proportion of CAPA/PAPA MDI or MDSI negative cases also predicted MDI or MDSI negative (i.e. 1 – “false alarm” rate).
PPV is the weighted proportion of predicted MDI or MDSI positive cases that are also CAPA/PAPA MDI or MDSI positive. NPV is the weighted proportion of predicted MDI or MDSI negative cases that are also CAPA/PAPA MDI or MDSI negative.
AUCc is the concordance between the model (with continuous predictor) and CAPA/PAPA MDI or MDSI, and AUCd is the concordance between the model (with predictor dichotomized by the cut point) and CAPA/PAPA MDI or MDSI; AUCd = the average of sensitivity and specificity.
See Table 3 for cut points determined for combination of impact item score and SDQ score.
Cut point not given, because it would involve multiway tables or a detailed model description and cut point in terms of predicted probabilities.
Example formula: MDI (4–11 years) = if 1/(1 + exp[–(–3.7309 + 2.8261*Obed + 1.1503*Worry + 2.0109*Unhappy + 0.2049*Atten + 0.6565*Impact]) ≥ 0.46940 where Obed(iance), Worry, Unhappy, Adults, and Atten(tion) refer to the five items used in the abbreviated SDQ (this may require recoding of questionnaire raw scores) and impact refers to a sixth SDQ item. Other formulas available upon request.