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Figure 2a. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that a 6 μm film coating of Lu2O3:Eu has been deposited onto a sapphire substrate. The columnar structure of the material is clearly visible. Figure 2b. 20 keV X-ray excited photoemission spectrum of Lu2O3:Eu. Figure 2c. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrates the presence of lutetium, oxygen, as well as the europium dopant.
