Table 3.
Associations of neighborhood and race with overall cancer incidence and incidence for the most common four sites, 2007–2011
| Cancer | Model | Race | UHF neighborhood | Community Health Survey (CHS) variables and association direction | Likelihood ratio test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black vs. White | Hispanic vs. White | East Harlem vs. Upper East Side | Central Harlem vs. Upper East Side | P-value | |||
| All Cancers | Model 1a | 1.08 (1.02, 1.16) | 0.83 (0.78, 0.89) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.07) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.07) | ||
| Model 2b | 0.84 (0.74, 0.95) | 0.64 (0.56, 0.74) | 1.34 (1.07, 1.68) | 1.39 (1.12, 1.72) | Poverty level − Number of sex partners + Diabetes + Current smoking + College graduate − |
<0.001 | |
| Female breast | Model 1 | 0.74 (0.63, 0.88) | 0.88 (0.75, 1.04) | 0.88 (0.74, 1.04) | 0.92 (0.78, 1.08) | ||
| Model 2 | 1.13 (0.91, 1.42) | 1.03 (0.75, 1.35) | 0.84 (0.70, 1.02) | 0.95 (0.79, 1.14) | Fruit and vegetable consumption − Health insurance possession − Heavy smoker (>10 cigarettes +/day) Mammogram in past 2 years + Physical exercise in past 30 days + |
<0.001 | |
| Prostate | Model 1 | 1.44 (1.22, 1.69) | 0.83 (0.70, 1.00) | 1.05 (0.88, 1.25) | 1.13 (0.96, 1.33) | ||
| Model 2 | 1.41 (1.14, 1.75) | 0.76 (0.61, 1.01) | 0.85 (0.65, 1.11) | 0.95 (0.74, 1.21) | Felt “extremely safe” in neighborhood − Heterosexual orientation + |
<0.001 | |
| Lung | Model 1 | 1.33 (1.10, 1.60) | 0.78 (0.64, 0.96) | 1.25 (1.02, 1.51) | 1.21 (1.00, 1.47) | ||
| Model 2 | 1.50 (1.21, 1.87) | 0.82 (0.67, 1.01) | 1.27 (1.04, 1.55) | 1.17 (0.96, 1.42) | Sex and age interaction Body Mass Index (BMI) − Current smoking + |
<0.0001 | |
| Colorectal | Model 1 | 1.43 (1.13, 1.80) | 1.12 (0.88, 1.43) | 1.22 (0.96, 1.56) | 1.34 (1.06, 1.70) | ||
| Model 2 | 1.09 (0.80, 1.47) | 0.71 (0.49, 1.03) | 1.21 (0.95, 1.54) | 1.38 (1.09, 1.76) | Sex and age interaction Asthma + BMI + Has primary care physician − |
0.002 | |
a
Model 1 includes terms for age category, gender, race/ethnicity, and United Health Fund neighborhood.
b
Model 2 includes terms for the four categories in Model 1 in addition to statistically significant Community Health Survey (CHS) variables.