Fig. 2.

Species differences and the effects of oxytocin (OT) on behaviors in the social affiliation test. Female meadow voles spent less time in the cage containing a conspecific (A) and more time in the empty cage (B) compared to prairie voles. No species differences were found in locomotor activity (C). In addition, no treatment effect or species-by-treatment interaction was found in these behaviors. Alphabetic letters indicate species differences. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean (SEM).