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. 2016 Jan 21;22(3):1179–1189. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1179

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and signal transduction. Binding of ligands to receptors leads to phosphorylation of the receptors by activation of receptor-kinase activity, which leads to subsequent signal transduction. VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; PLC-γ: Phospholipase C-γ; PKC: Protein kinase C; MEK: Protein kinase kinase; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.