Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants stratified by sleep quality
| |
Sleep quality |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Total | Good* (N=1932) |
Poor† (N=1477) |
| Sex | |||
| Women: n (%, CI) | 1746 | 823 (42.6:40.4 to 44.8) | 923 (62.5:60.0 to 65.0) |
| Men: n (%, CI) | 1663 | 1109 (57.4:55.2 to 59.6) | 554 (37.5:35.0 to 40.0) |
| Education | |||
| <10 years: n (%, CI) | 324 | 140 (7.3:6.1 to 8.4) | 184 (12.5:10.8 to 14.1) |
| 11–13 years: n (%, CI) | 1910 | 1005 (52.0:49.8 to 54.2) | 905 (61.3:58.8 to 63.8) |
| 14–17 years: n (%, CI) | 791 | 531 (27.5:25.5 to 29.5) | 260 (17.6:15.7 to 19.5) |
| ≥18 years: n (%, CI) | 384 | 256 (13.3:11.7 to 14.8) | 128 (8.7:7.2 to 10.1) |
| Smoking | |||
| Never smoker: n (%, CI) | 1392 | 731 (39.0:36.7 to 41.2) | 661 (46.7:44.1 to 49.3) |
| Former smoker: n (%, CI) | 1343 | 809 (43.1:40.9 to 45.3) | 534 (37.7:35.2 to 40.2) |
| Current smoker: n (%, CI) | 558 | 337 (18.0:16.2 to 19.7) | 221 (15.6:13.7 to 17.5) |
| Self-rated health | |||
| Very good: n (%, CI) | 164 | 137 (7.3:6.1 to 8.5) | 27 (1.9:1.2 to 2.6) |
| Good: n (%, CI) | 1314 | 922 (49.2:46.9 to 51.4) | 392 (27.7:25.4 to 30.0) |
| Fair: n (%, CI) | 1275 | 645 (34.4:32.2 to 36.5) | 630 (44.5:41.9 to 47.1) |
| Poor: n (%, CI) | 446 | 137 (7.3:6.1 to 8.5) | 309 (21.8:19.7 to 24.0) |
| Very poor: n (%, CI) | 93 | 35 (1.9:1.3 to 2.5) | 58 (4.1:3.1 to 5.1) |
| Social network index | |||
| I (low): n (%, CI) | 856 | 443 (23.7:21.8 to 25.6) | 413 (29.2:26.8 to 31.6) |
| II: n (%, CI) | 1254 | 715 (38.2:36.0 to 40.4) | 539 (38.1:35.6 to 40.7) |
| III: n (%, CI) | 942 | 567 (30.3:28.2 to 32.4) | 375 (26.5:24.2 to 28.8) |
| IV (high): n (%, CI) | 232 | 145 (7.8:6.5 to 9.0) | 87 (6.2:4.9 to 7.4) |
| Hypertension‡ | |||
| Yes: n (%, CI) | 1250 | 755 (40.4:38.2 to 42.6) | 495 (35.1:32.6 to 37.6) |
| Physical activity | |||
| Active: n (%, CI) | 1504 | 816 (43.5:41.2 to 45.7) | 688 (48.6:46.0 to 51.2) |
| Life events in past 6 months | |||
| Yes: n (%, CI) | 695 | 346 (18.2:16.5 to 20.0) | 349 (24.1:21.9 to 26.3) |
| Depressed mood (CES-D ≥16)§ | |||
| Yes: n (%, CI) | 294 | 58 (3.1:2.3 to 3.8) | 236 (16.3:14.4 to 18.3) |
| Life satisfaction | |||
| Very satisfied: n (%, CI) | 1194 | 778 (41.2:39.0 to 43.4) | 416 (28.9:26.5 to 31.2) |
| Quite satisfied: n (%, CI) | 1943 | 1045 (55.4:53.1 to 57.6) | 898 (62.3:59.8 to 64.8) |
| Unsatisfied: n (%, CI) | 192 | 65 (3.4:2.6 to 4.3) | 127 (8.8:7.3 to 10.3) |
| Depressed mood: mean (SD)§ | 3338 | 5.3 (4.4) | 9.5 (6.7) |
| Age years: mean (SD) | 3409 | 64.4 (7.5) | 65.3 (7.6) |
| BMI (kg/m2): mean (SD) | 3287 | 28.1 (4.6) | 28.3 (5.1) |
| Total cholesterol mg/dL: median (Q1;Q3) | 3274 | 226 (199;254) | 223 (199;249) |
| HDL cholesterol mg/dL: median (Q1;Q3) | 3274 | 59 (49;71) | 57 (48;69) |
| Alcohol consumption mL/week: mean (SD) | 3306 | 70.2 (102.7) | 57.8 (107.6) |
Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise stated.
*Good sleep quality: PSQI score ≤5.
†Poor sleep quality: PSQI score >5.
‡Participants on antihypertensive medication or with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg were defined as hypertensive.
§CES-D scale excludes the item ‘my sleep was restless’.
BMI, body mass index; CES-D, Centre for Epidemiological Studies depression scale; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.