Figure 7.

Histological observation of the defense response in TaADF3-knockdown plants against the virulent Pst CYR31. Wheat leaves that were pre-infected with BSMV:00 or recombinant BSMV:TaADF3 were followed by Pst CYR31 inoculation. H₂O₂ burst and necrosis were observed in wheat leaves inoculated with BSMV:00 or BSMV:TaADF3 at 24 hpi (A–D), 48 hpi (E–H), and 120 hpi (I–L). Histochemical H₂O₂ accumulation at infection sites was stained using 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining and viewed under differential interference contrast optics. The autofluorescence of the attacked mesophyll cells at the same infection site was observed under a fluorescence microscope (excitation filter 485 nm, dichromic mirror 510 nm, barrier filter 520 nm). SV, substomatal vesicle; NC, necrotic cell death.