Table 6.
Interpretation of fracture risk assessment and DEXA scores in assessment of bone disease
| Source | Result | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|
| Risk of Fracturea | ≤10% risk of major osteoporotic fracture in 10 years | Low risk |
| 10%–20% risk of major osteoporotic fracture in 10 years | Moderate risk | |
| ≥20% risk of major osteoporotic fracture in 10 years and/or ≥3% risk of hip fracture | High risk | |
| DEXA scanb | T-score. −1.0 | Within normal limits |
| T-score ≤−1.0 but. −2.5 | Osteopenia | |
| T-score ≤−2.5 | Osteoporosis |
Notes:
a
Based on a validated clinical tool such as the FRAX182 or the Canadian Association of Radiologists and Osteoporosis Canada (CAROC) tool.123
b
Use T-scores for postmenopausal women and men aged ≥50 years; use z scores for patients aged <50 years; based on the femoral neck score.124 Reproduced from Brown TT, Hoy J, Borderi M, et al. Recommendations for evaluation and management of bone disease in HIV. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(8):1242–1251,131 by permission of Oxford University Press. Copyright ©2015.
Abbreviations: FRAX, Fracture Risk Assessment Tool; DEXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.