Figure 3.

Histological evaluation.

Notes: The microscopic appearance of gastric mucosa of the rats of the normal control (A) showed normal histological arrangement of the gastric mucosa and submucosa with no tissue damage. The gastric mucosa of the rats of the ulcer control pretreated with only Tween 80 (B) showed that the ethanol-induced severe disruption to the surface epithelium and necrotic lesions penetrate deeply into mucosa (white arrow) and extensive edema of submucosal layer and leukocyte infiltration are present (black arrow). However, the pretreatment with omeprazole at 20 mg/kg (C) showed mild disruption of the surface epithelium mucosa and slight mucosal damage (white arrow) but no submucosal edema and leukocytes infiltration are seen. The pretreatment with BM at 5 mg/kg (D) showed moderate disruption of the surface epithelium mucosa and mucosal damage (white arrows) with submucosal edema and leukocytes infiltration as seen (black arrow). The pretreatment with BM at 10 mg/kg (E) showed very mild disruption of the surface epithelium mucosa and slight mucosal damage (white arrow) but no submucosal edema and leukocytes infiltration are seen. The pretreatment with BM at 20 mg/kg (F) showed mild disruption of the surface epithelium mucosa and slight mucosal damage (white arrow) but no submucosal edema and leukocytes infiltration are seen (H&E stain: ×20).

Abbreviations: BM, β-mangostin; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin.