Table 2.
Variables associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in whole sample
| Variables | B | OR | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate analysis | ||||
| Age (years) | −0.010 | 0.990 | 0.963–1.017 | 0.467 |
| Sex (male) | 0.349 | 1.418 | 0.787–2.555 | 0.245 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 0.112 | 1.118 | 1.080–1.157 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.237 | 1.267 | 1.162–1.383 | <0.001 |
| Smoking (yes) | 0.188 | 1.207 | 0.618–2.359 | 0.582 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)a | −0.080 | 0.923 | 0.739–1.154 | 0.484 |
| Hypertension (yes) | 0.778 | 2.177 | 1.253–3.780 | 0.006 |
| Office SBP (mmHg)b | 1.055 | 2.872 | 0.403–3.320 | 0.074 |
| Office DBP (mmHg) | 0.018 | 1.018 | 0.993–1.044 | 0.161 |
| 24-hour mean SBP (mmHg) | 0.037 | 1.037 | 1.013–1.063 | 0.003 |
| 24-hour mean DBP (mmHg) | 0.025 | 1.026 | 0.995–1.057 | 0.106 |
| Daytime mean SBP (mmHg) | 0.031 | 1.032 | 1.009–1.055 | 0.006 |
| Daytime mean DBP (mmHg) | 0.019 | 1.019 | 0.991–1.048 | 0.183 |
| Nighttime mean SBP (mmHg) | 0.030 | 1.030 | 1.010–1.051 | 0.004 |
| Nighttime mean DBP (mmHg) | 0.015 | 1.015 | 0.988–1.042 | 0.285 |
| Morning mean SBP (mmHg) | 0.025 | 1.025 | 1.005–1.045 | 0.013 |
| Morning mean DBP (mmHg) | 0.019 | 1.019 | 0.993–1.046 | 0.153 |
| White-coat hypertension (yes) | −0.225 | 0.798 | 0.491–1.297 | 0.463 |
| AST (IU/L) | 0.060 | 1.062 | 1.012–1.115 | 0.015 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 0.023 | 1.024 | 1.001–1.046 | 0.038 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 0.081 | 1.084 | 1.044–1.125 | <0.001 |
| ALP (IU/L) | 0.004 | 1.004 | 0.998–1.009 | 0.248 |
| CHOL (mg/dL) | 0.004 | 1.004 | 0.997–1.012 | 0.243 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 0.001 | 1.001 | 0.993–1.009 | 0.728 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | −0.020 | 0.980 | 0.965–0.996 | 0.015 |
| TRIGL (mg/dL) | 0.014 | 1.014 | 1.007–1.021 | <0.001 |
| Hs-CRP (mg/L)c | 0.563 | 1.756 | 0.978–3.152 | 0.060 |
| GLU (mg/dL) | 0.042 | 1.043 | 1.013–1.074 | 0.004 |
| Multivariate logistic regressiona | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.203 | 1.224 | 1.079–1.390 | 0.002 |
| Hypertension (yes) | 1.276 | 3.584 | 1.274–10.076 | 0.016 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 0.046 | 1.047 | 0.998–1.099 | 0.060 |
Notes: Odds ratio and 95% CI adjusted by office SBP, AST, and all covariables with P<0.100 in bivariate analysis. BMI and waist circumference were not included in the same model because they are continuous variables with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.7. The same applies to 24-hour mean SBP and daytime mean SBP, 24-hour mean SBP and nighttime mean SBP, and 24-hour mean SBP and morning mean SBP. Upper reference limits are 45 IU/L for AST, 45 IU/L for ALT, 55 IU/L for GGT, 150 IU/L for ALP, 200 mg/dL for CHOL, 140 mg/dL for LDL, 160 mg/dL for TRIGL, 5 mg/L for Hs-CRP, and 110 mg/dL for GLU in our laboratory. Lower reference limit is 35 mg/dL for HDL in our laboratory.
The variable eGFR was transformed using square root;
the variable office SBP was logarithmically transformed;
the variable Hs-CRP was logarithmically transformed.
Abbreviations: B, regression coefficient; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; CHOL, cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; TRIGL, triglycerides; Hs-CRP, high-density c-reactive protein; GLU, glucose serum fast.