Table I.

Characteristics of the pregnancies and fetuses included (mean ± sem).

	Female			Male
	Control	Smoke-exposed	P-valuea	Control	Smoke-exposed	P-valuea
N	32	24	56	31	39	70
Maternal indices
Age (years)	25.3 ± 1.2	22.8 ± 1.0	0.135	23.2 ± 1.1	25.4 ± 0.9	0.056
BMI (kg/m3)	24.5 ± 0.8	26.0 ± 1.3	0.830	25.0 ± 0.9	25.6 ± 1.0	0.917
Cigarettes/day	0	10.2 ± 0.9		0	10.9 ± 0.9
Fetal indices
Weeks of gestation	14.4 ± 0.4	14.6 ± 0.5	0.643	15.1 ± 0.4	15.7 ± 0.3	0.225
Weight (g)	76.2 ± 14.3	76.7 ± 13.0	0.294	87.9 ± 13.2	111.2 ± 12.4	0.123
CRL (mm)	96.6 ± 5.5	95.8 ± 4.5	0.634	102.1 ± 4.8	113.5 ± 4.7	0.092
Paired gonad weight (mg)	18.2 ± 3.1b	20.2 ± 3.2	0.440	28.0 ± 3.4b	36.5 ± 4.3	0.126
Ponderal index (weight g/[CRL cm3])	0.066 ± 0.001	0.070 ± 0.005	0.662	0.069 ± 0.003	0.064 ± 0.002	0.207
AGD measures
AGDapp (mm)c	4.87 ± 0.41b	4.66 ± 0.33	0.766	9.06 ± 0.77b	10.99 ± 0.64	0.034
AGDapp/weight	0.11 ± 0.01b	0.09 ± 0.01	0.344	0.14 ± 0.01b	0.13 ± 0.09	0.741
AGDapp/CRL	0.050 ± 0.002b	0.048 ± 0.002	0.678	0.086 ± 0.004b	0.094 ± 0.003	0.113
AGDapp/ponderal index	75.6 ± 6.0b	68.2 ± 4.5	0.700	135.3 ± 11.2b	175.5 ± 12.4	0.020

^aAssociation with maternal smoking.

^bMale versus female controls: P < 0.05.

^cAGD_app distance (mm) from the centre of the anus to caudal or posterior insertion of the penis or clitoris.