Table II.
Comparison of fetal growth between 11–13, 14–16 and 17–21 weeks of gestation (mean ± sem).
| Weeks of gestation window | Fetal characteristic | Female |
Male |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Smoke-exposed | Control | Smoke-exposed | ||
| 11–13 | Weeks of gestation (n) | 12.5 ± 0.2 (16) | 12.7 ± 0.2 (10) | 12.6 ± 0.4 (9) | 12.8 ± 0.2 (6) |
| Weight (g) | 27.0 ± 2.4 | 32.3 ± 4.5 | 28.6 ± 6.2 | 34.0 ± 6.1 | |
| CRL (mm) | 74.6 ± 2.3 | 78.5 ± 3.4 | 74.3 ± 3.2 | 77.8 ± 6.5 | |
| Paired gonad weight (mg) | 9.6 ± 1.2a | 10.4 ± 1.6 | 17.0 ± 1.6a | 15.0 ± 1.5 | |
| AGDapp (mm) | 3.55 ± 0.24a | 3.47 ± 0.24 | 5.70 ± 0.56a | 6.61 ± 0.70 | |
| AGDapp/ponderal index | 56.2 ± 5.5a | 54.5 ± 3.7 | 89.1 ± 12.6a | 98.6 ± 15.2 | |
| 14–16 | Weeks of gestation (n) | 15.0 ± 0.5 (9) | 14.6 ± 0.2 (9) | 14.7 ± 0.3 (12) | 15.0 ± 0.2 (20) |
| Weight (g) | 68.0 ± 15.6 | 68.3 ± 14.4 | 60.7 ± 6.0 | 74.4 ± 6.8 | |
| CRL (mm) | 99.1 ± 7.2 | 95.4 ± 2.7 | 96.8 ± 3.9 | 103.7 ± 3.2 | |
| Paired gonad weight (mg) | 17.4 ± 4.0 | 17.8 ± 3.6 | 21.2 ± 2.1 | 27.5 ± 2.4 | |
| AGDapp (mm) | 4.65 ± 0.39a | 4.62 ± 0.33 | 7.58 ± 0.63a | 9.73 ± 0.55 | |
| AGDapp/ponderal index | 76.2 ± 7.2a | 67.0 ± 6.4 | 117.2 ± 11.9a | 153.9 ± 9.7 | |
| 17–21 | Weeks of gestation (n) | 18.0 ± 0.5 (7) | 18.4 ± 0.4 (5) | 17.9 ± 0.4 (10) | 18.2 ± 0.3 (13) |
| Weight (g) | 199.2 ± 29.9 | 171.9 ± 17.0 | 174.1 ± 21.2 | 203.4 ± 15.4 | |
| CRL (mm) | 140.3 ± 7.3 | 131.2 ± 4.8 | 133.4 ± 4.5 | 147.8 ± 3.7 | |
| Paired gonad weight (mg) | 42.2 ± 8.9 | 43.7 ± 5.1 | 45.2 ± 6.5 | 62.3 ± 9.1 | |
| AGDapp (mm)# | 8.16 ± 0.94a | 7.08 ± 0.51 | 13.85 ± 1.17a | 14.97 ± 0.89 | |
| AGDapp/ponderal index | 116.3 ± 11.7a | 94.7 ± 7.8 | 198.6 ± 16.2a | 249.9 ± 21.8 | |
AGDapp, anogenital distance (mm) measured from the centre of the anus to caudal or posterior insertion of the penis or clitoris.
aMale versus female controls: P < 0.05; values in bold within each sex: P < 0.05.