Table 1.
Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical characteristics at baseline for the 218 participants who started the 2‐year intervention
| Ad libitum (n = 75) | Calorie restriction (n = 143) | |
|---|---|---|
| Race | ||
| White | 57 (76%) | 111 (77.6%) |
| African American | 11 (14.7%) | 15 (10.5%) |
| Other | 7 (9.3%) | 17 (11.9%) |
| Age (years) | 37.9 (6.94) | 38.0 (7.34) |
| Height (m) | 168.4 (8.31) | 168.9 (8.60) |
| Baseline weight (kg) | 71.5 (8.65) | 72.0 (9.49) |
| Baseline BMI (kg m−2) | 25.1 (1.64) | 25.2 (1.78) |
| Body fat (%) | 33.6 (6.57) | 32.9 (6.07) |
| FFM (kg) | 47.6 (8.61) | 48.5 (9.21) |
| Energy and macronutrient intake | ||
| Energy intake (kcal day−1) | 2045.3 (480.66) | 2126.3 (558.60) |
| Protein (g kg−1 day−1) | 1.2 (0.04) | 1.2 (0.02) |
| Protein, % of energy | 17.2 (3.48) | 16.6 (3.04) |
| Fat, % of energy | 34.7 (5.12) | 33.5 (4.93) |
| Carbohydrates, % of energy | 45.1 (6.33) | 46.8 (6.48) |
| Laboratory values | ||
| IGF‐1 (ng mL−1) | 183.1 (49.40) | 175.5 (42.66) |
| IGFBP‐1 (pg mL−1) | 4477 (5033.7) | 5459 (6252.0) |
| IGFBP‐3 (pg mL−1) | 2529 (502.7) | 2459 (399.8) |
| IGF‐1/IGFBP‐3 ratio | 0.07 (0.025) | 0.07 (0.020) |
| IGF‐1/IGFBP‐1 ratio | 0.10 (0.105) | 0.08 (0.092) |
| PDGF‐AB (ng mL−1) | 20.0 (6.01) | 18.1 (6.97) |
| TGF‐β1 (ng mL−1) | 30.6 (8.02) | 28.9 (9.72) |
| Cortisol (μg dL−1) | 11.3 (5.91) | 11.2 (4.92) |
AL, ad libitum control group; CR, 25% calorie restriction group; FFM, fat‐free mass; FM, fat mass.
Values represent means (SD).