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. 2016 Jan 19;6:1560. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01560

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Copyright © 2016 Li, Wang, Liu, Hao, Ma and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Extracellular ΔTgMCA is less sensitive to environmental stress. (A) Ratio of apoptotic parasites by TUNEL assay. Apoptotic ΔTgMCA was significantly decreased when treated with BAG buffer for 4 h (p ≤ 0.05). TgMCA OE ΔTgMCA-cm1 and ΔTgMCA-cm2 produced far more TUNEL-positive parasites than Δku80 (p ≤ 0.05, p ≤ 0.01). Asterisks indicate statistically significant results as determined by One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc comparison. (B) Ratio of apoptotic parasites pre-incubated in Ringer buffer for 1–6 h by TUNEL assay. Both strains showed increased apoptotic ratio. Apoptotic Δku80 was higher than ΔTgMCA after 2 h in extracellular buffer and significantly increased at 4 h (p ≤ 0.05). Asterisks indicate statistically significant results (p ≤ 0.05) as determined by Two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc comparison. Data are mean ± SD (error bars) of three independent experiment.