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SUL and CMN upregulate NQO1 protein expression. Hepa1c1c7 cell cultures were treated with increasing concentrations of phytonutrients for 24 h, before Western blot analysis. Exposure to 0.1 μM SUL triggered a 50% increase in NQO1 (A), while 1 μM CMN was needed to detect minimal NQO1 upregulation (B). Values are positive fold changes (+Δ) in NQO1 protein expression, calculated from the respective ratios of NQO1:actin band densities.
