Table 2.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Patients on ART at an HIV Clinic in Rural Uganda
| Characteristic | Total cohort (n = 250) | Male (n = 81) | Female (n = 169) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cholesterol (TC) mg/dL, median (IQR) | 107 (77–139) | 100 (77–126) | 111 (81–142) | 0.18 |
| TC ≥200 mg/dL, n (%) | 16 (6.4) | 6 (7.4) | 10 (5.9) | 0.65 |
| Triglycerides, median (IQR) | 113 (74–157) | 119 (89–170) | 110 (62–154) | 0.09 |
| Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, n (%) | 74 (29.6) | 25 (30.9) | 49 (29.0) | 0.76 |
| HDL-cholesterol, median (IQR) | 30 (24–36) | 27 (21–32) | 30 (26–37) | 0.0004 |
| HDL-c ≤40 mg/dL, n (%) | 214 (85.6) | 73 (90.1) | 141 (83.4) | 0.16 |
| LDL-cholesterol, median (IQR) | 86 (68–106) | 82 (65–102) | 90 (69–110) | 0.06 |
| LDL-c ≥130 mg/dL, n (%) | 29 (11.6) | 5 (6.2) | 24 (14.2) | 0.06 |
| Total cholesterol/HDL ratio, median (IQR) | 3.5 (2.6–4.8) | 3.7 (2.7–5.1) | 3.4 (2.6–4.7) | 0.24 |
| TC/HDL-C ≥5, n (%) | 56 (22.4) | 21 (26) | 35 (20.7) | 0.35 |
| Hypertensiona, n (%) | 13 (5.2) | 3 (3.7) | 10 (5.9) | 0.46 |
| Body mass indexb | ||||
| BMI <18 | 13 (5.2) | 6 (7.4) | 7 (4.1) | 0.27 |
| BMI 18–24.9, n (%) | 150 (60.0) | 62 (76.5) | 88 (52.1) | <0.001 |
| BMI 25–29.9, n (%) | 57 (22.8) | 11 (13.6) | 46 (27.2) | 0.02 |
| BMI >30, n (%) | 30 (12.0) | 2 (2.4) | 28 (16.6) | 0.001 |
| Waist to hip ratio, median (IQR) | 0.83 (0.79–0.87) | 0.85 (0.82–0.90) | 0.82 (0.78–0.86) | <0.001 |
| High WHR^, n (%) | 74 (29.6) | 18 (22.2) | 56 (33.1) | 0.07 |
| Any current or former smoking, n (%) | 50 (20.0) | 36 (44.4) | 14 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 8 (3.2) | 5 (6.2) | 3 (1.8) | 0.06 |
| First degree relative with DM or HTN, n (%) | 42 (16.8) | 13 (16) | 29 (17.2) | 0.82 |
| Metabolic syndrome, any 3 of the following: (high WHR, high fasting glucose, HTN, high TG or LDL), n (%) | 145 (58) | 41 (50.6) | 104 (61.5) | 0.10 |
a
Hypertension defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg.
b
Waist to hip ratio was categorized into abnormal if the value was >0.94 for males and >0.8 for females.
BMI, Body Mass Index; DM, diabetes mellitus; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HTN, hypertension; LDL, low density lipoprotein; WHR, waist to hip ratio.