Table 2.
Characteristics of questionnaires and serological biomarkers
| Explanatory Variables | n | Median (quartiles) |
|---|---|---|
| Questionnaires: | ||
| HADS (0-21) | ||
| Anxiety | 34 | 10 (8.75; 11) |
| Depression | 34 | 8.5 (4; 11.3) |
| PHQ | ||
| Depression (0-27) | 33 | 6 (3; 11) |
| Somatisation (0-30) | 33 | 10 (6; 15) |
| Stress (0-20) | 33 | 6 (3; 8) |
| SGRQ (0-100) | ||
| Total score | 35 | 71.3 (57.5; 78.2) |
| Activity | 35 | 85.9 (76.1; 92.5) |
| Impact | 35 | 63.7 (42.5; 71.1) |
| Symptoms | 35 | 69.2 (49; 76) |
| STAI (20-80) | ||
| State anxiety | 33 | 45 (34,5; 54) |
| Trait anxiety | 33 | 45 (36; 49,5) |
| Biomarkers: | ||
| Systemic inflammation: | ||
| 25-OHD (nmol/l) | 44 | 38.4 (25.3; 66.5) |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 45 | 2.6 (1.1; 8.7) |
| ESR (mm/h) | 33 | 17 (7.5; 40) |
| Leucocytes (103/μl) | 45 | 9.7 (7.4; 12.4) |
| SA-A (mg/l) | 43 | 8.1 (4; 17.8) |
| Cardiac dysfunction: | ||
| NT-proBNP (pg/ml) | 45 | 176 (65; 300) |
| Troponin I (ng/ml) | 45 | 0.013 (0.007; 0.02) |
| Other: | ||
| HbAIc (%) | 45 | 6.2 (5.8; 6.9) |
| Hb (g/dl) | 45 | 13.8 (13; 15.2) |
| Hc (%) | 45 | 43 (40; 47) |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 45 | 1.0 (0.8; 1.3) |
| TSH (mU/l) | 45 | 0.8 (0.5; 1.2) |
HADS cut-off scores: no (0-7), borderline (8-10), severe (11-14) and very severe (15-21) anxiety (HADS-anxiety) or depression (HADS-depression). PHQ-9 cut-off scores: no-minimal (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10-14) moderate to severe (15-19) and severe (20-27) depression. PHQ-15 cut-off scores: no-minimal (0-4), low (5-9), medium (10-14) and high (15-30) somatic factors. PHQ-stress cut-off scores: no-minimal (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10-14) and severe (15-20) psychosocial stress. For PHQ: Depression, somatisation and psychosocial stress were assumed for scores ≥5. SGRQ and STAI: no commonly established cut-off values. For all questionnaires: Higher scores indicate more limitations or more severe symptoms
25-OHD 25-OH-cholecalciferol, CRP C-reactive protein, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HbAlc glycosylated haemoglobin, Hb haemoglobin, Hc haematocrit, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, PHQ Patient Health Questionnaire,SA-A serum amyloid-A, SGRQ St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, STAI State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone