Table 3.
Relative risk reductions for CVD deaths from previous studies for intervention scenarios
| Intervention | Relative risk reduction (RRR) | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Thrombolysis Treatment | 11 % (95 % CI: 5–16) | RRR for stroke death or dependency if applied within 4.5 h [48] |
| Aspirin Treatment | 2,6 % (95 % CI: 0.4–4) | RRR for stroke death or dependency if treatment is 160–300 mg once daily, started within 48 h of onset [49] |
| Stroke Unit | 6,1 % (95 % CI:0,0009–11) | RRR for stroke death or dependency [50] |
| Aspirin Treatment for secondary prevention | 3 % (95 % CI: 6–19) | RRR for vascular events (stroke or IHD death) if treatment is at any dose above 30 mg daily [51] |
| Statin Treatment | 12 % (95 % CI: (-1)–21) | RRR for recurrent stroke if LDL reduces by 1 mmol/L [52] |
| Warfarin Treatment for secondary prevention | 61 % (95 % CI: 37–75) | RRR for recurrent stroke or systemic embolism among stroke patients with Transient Ischemic Attack or minor stroke due to atrial fibrillation when treated with anticougulation [53] |
| BP Control for secondary prevention | 34 % (95 % CI: 21–44) | RRR for stroke based on BP reduction of 4–25 mmHG systolic or 3–13 Hg diastolic [54] |
| Smoking Cessation | 48 % (95 % CI: 29–57) | RRR for stroke death or dependency [16] |
| BP Control for primary prevention | 46 % (95 % CI: 35–55) | RRR based on BP reduction 5 mmHg. This reduces the risk of stroke by an estimated 34 % and ischemic heart disease by 21 % from any pre-treatment level [55] |
| HbA1C Control | 7 % (95 % CI: 4–19) | RRR for stroke based on 0,9 % HbA1C reduction [56] |
| Warfarin Treatment for primary prevention | 64 % (95 % CI: 49–74) | RRR for stroke based on a meta-analysis with twenty-nine trials, adjusted-dose warfarin reduced stroke by 64 % [57] |
| Salt Reduction | 17 % (95 % CI:6–43) | RRR for stroke by 5gr change in daily salt intake [58] |
| Transfat Reduction | 12 % (95 % CI:5.5–18.5) | RRR by replacing 1 % of energy from trans-fat with unsaturated fats for coronary heart disease [59] We assumed half effect for stroke |
| Saturated Fat Reduction | 13 % (95 % CI: 1–6) | RRR by replacing 5 % of energy from saturated fat with Polyunsaturated fats (PUFAs) for coronary heart disease [60] We assumed half effect for stroke |
| Fruit and Vegetables Intake | 4 % (95 % CI:3–8) | RRR for stroke by change in 1 unit of fruit and vegetables [61] |
| Smoking Prevalence Reduction | 1.9 % (95 % CI:1.5–2.3) | RRR by change in 1 % prevalence of smoking [62] |