Table 2.
Global brain volumes of ASD subjects and controls in the entire dataset, in male and female subgroups, and in DD and no-DD male (m) and female (f) subsets
| Variable (ml) | Subject group, mean ± std | ANOVA | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASD (n = 76) | C (n = 76) | ASD vs. C | ||||||||||||||
| F | p | |||||||||||||||
| GM (ml) | 662 ± 67 | 629 ± 80 | 7.39 | 0.007 | ||||||||||||
| WM (ml) | 424 ± 47 | 400 ± 55 | 8.84 | 0.003 | ||||||||||||
| CSF (ml) | 225 ± 25 | 218 ± 34 | 2.41 | 0.123 | ||||||||||||
| TIV | 1310 ± 130 | 1250 ± 160 | 7.18 | 0.008 | ||||||||||||
| ASDm (n = 38) | ASDf (n = 38) | Cm (n = 38) | Cf (n = 38) | ASDm vs. Cm | ASDf vs. Cf | |||||||||||
| F | p | F | p | |||||||||||||
| GM (ml) | 699 ± 62 | 625 ± 48 | 664 ± 83 | 594 ± 60 | 4.25 | 0.043 | 5.90 | 0.018 | ||||||||
| WM (ml) | 449 ± 43 | 400 ± 38 | 422 ± 56 | 376 ± 44 | 5.38 | 0.023 | 5.93 | 0.017 | ||||||||
| CSF (ml) | 238 ± 25 | 212 ± 17 | 232 ± 38 | 203 ± 19 | 0.52 | 0.470 | 5.08 | 0.027 | ||||||||
| TIV (ml) | 1390 ± 120 | 1240 ± 100 | 1320 ± 170 | 1170 ± 120 | 3.90 | 0.052 | 6.13 | 0.016 | ||||||||
| ASD-DDm (n = 19) | ASD-noDDm (n = 19) | ASD-DDf (n = 19) | ASD-noDDf (n = 19) | C-DDm (n = 19) | C-no-DDm (n = 19) | C-DDf (n = 19) | C-no-DDf (n = 19) | ASD-DDm vs. C-DDm | ASD-noDDm vs. C-noDDm | ASD-DDf vs. C-DDf | ASD-noDDf vs. C-noDDf | |||||
| F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p | |||||||||
| GM (ml) | 702 ± 85 | 696 ± 65 | 616 ± 59 | 633 ± 35 | 661 ± 85 | 668 ± 83 | 584 ± 53 | 605 ± 66 | 2.98 | 0.09 | 1.34 | 0.255 | 3.21 | 0.081 | 2.73 | 0.107 |
| WM (ml) | 453 ± 44 | 445 ± 43 | 393 ± 44 | 406 ± 31 | 424 ± 62 | 421 ± 51 | 369 ± 41 | 384 ± 47 | 2.72 | 0.108 | 2.55 | 0.119 | 3.04 | 0.090 | 2.90 | 0.097 |
| CSF (ml) | 238 ± 31 | 238 ± 28 | 211 ± 20 | 213 ± 13 | 228 ± 31 | 236 ± 44 | 200 ± 16 | 206 ± 22 | 1.13 | 0.294 | 0.01 | 0.906 | 3.54 | 0.068 | 1.65 | 0.207 |
| TIV (ml) | 1390 ± 210 | 1380 ± 130 | 1220 ± 120 | 1250 ± 70 | 1310 ± 170 | 1330 ± 170 | 1150 ± 110 | 1200 ± 130 | 2.71 | 0.109 | 1.24 | 0.272 | 3.37 | 0.075 | 2.78 | 0.104 |
Abbreviations: ASD autism spectrum disorder, C controls, ASDm ASD males, Cm control males, ASDf ASD females, Cf control females, ASD-DDm ASD males with developmental delay, C-DDm control males with developmental delay, ASD-noDDm ASD males without developmental delay, C-noDDm control males without developmental delay, ASD-DDf ASD females with developmental delay, C-DDf control females with developmental delay, ASD-noDDf ASD females without developmental delay, C-noDDf control females without developmental delay, GM grey matter, WM white matter, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, TIV total intracranial volume, std standard deviation