Table 3.
Factors associated with UAI with multiple non-steady sexual partners. Adjusted odds ratios and 99 %-confidence intervals from multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models
| 4+ vs. None | 4+ vs. 1–3 | 1–3 vs. None | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosed HIV infection | 4.10 (3.54–4.75)*** | 3.96 (3.36–4.66)*** | 0.95 (0.82–1.11) |
| Age | |||
| < 25 | N.S. | 0.77 (0.69–0.87)*** | 1.18 (1.10–1.26)*** |
| 25–39 | N.S. | 0.92 (0.85–1.01)+ | 1.00 (0.95–1.05) |
| 40+ | N.S. | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Education° | |||
| ISCED 1–3 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| ISCED 4 | 0.85 (0.77–0.93)*** | 0.93 (0.84–1.03) | 0.87 (0.82–0.93)*** |
| ISCED 5 | 0.67 (0.61–0.74)*** | 0.88 (0.79–0.97)*** | 0.73 (0.69–0.77)*** |
| ISCED 6 | 0.55 (0.50–0.61)*** | 0.85 (0.76–0.94)*** | 0.61 (0.57–0.65)*** |
| Settlement size: 500,000+ | N.S. | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) | 0.85 (0.81–0.88)*** |
| Unemployed/Student/Retired/Other | N.S. | N.S. | 1.06 (1.01–1.12)* |
| Sexual happiness | 1.31 (1.20–1.44)*** | 1.38 (1.28–1.49)*** | 0.93 (0.88–0.98)** |
| In steady relationship | N.S. | ||
| Happy w/ sex life | 0.60 (0.55–0.66)*** | 0.77 (0.73–0.81)*** | |
| Not happy w/ sex life | 0.84 (0.74–0.97)* | 0.93 (0.86–0.997)* | |
| Out to all or almost all people participant knows | 1.13 (1.04–1.22)** | 1.14 (1.06–1.23)*** | N.S. |
| Feelings of loneliness | 1.15 (1.07–1.24)*** | N.S. | 1.24 (1.18–1.29)*** |
| Experience of violence due to sexual attraction to men in past 12 months | |||
| Physical | 1.67 (1.39–2.01)*** | 1.54 (1.28–1.87)*** | 1.07 (0.94–1.22) |
| Intimidation or verbal abuse | 1.08 (1.00–1.16)* | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | 1.09 (1.05–1.14)*** |
| Visits to gay sex venues in past 4 weeks | 2.19 (2.04–2.35)*** | 2.10 (1.95–2.26)*** | N.S. |
| Sold sex in past 12 months | 2.89 (2.59–3.22)*** | 2.13 (1.91–2.39)*** | 1.39 (1.27–1.51)*** |
| Bought sex in past 12 months | 1.38 (1.24–1.54)*** | 1.25 (1.12–1.40)*** | N.S. |
| Exposed to information about HIV/STIs for MSM in past 12 months | 0.76 (0.69–0.84)*** | 0.91 (0.82–1.00)+ | 0.83 (0.79–0.88)*** |
| Knew that effective treatment of HIV infection reduces the risk of HIV being transmitted | 1.14 (1.06–1.22)*** | 1.18 (1.09–1.27)*** | N.S. |
| Use of nitrite inhalants in past 4 weeks | 1.89 (1.75–2.05)*** | 1.60 (1.47–1.73)*** | 1.21 (1.15–1.28)*** |
| Use of drugs associated with sex and parties in past 4 weeks | 1.60 (1.42–1.79)*** | 1.22 (1.09–1.38)*** | 1.35 (1.24–1.46)*** |
| Erectile dysfunction drugs in past 4 weeks | 2.07 (1.87–2.28)*** | 1.65 (1.48–1.1.83)*** | 1.29 (1.19–1.39)*** |
N.S. indicates that the variable was not selected for inclusion in the model (+ p < 0.05, *p < 0.01, **p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001)
° ISCED = International Standard Classification of Education, 1997 version