Table 2.
Plasma amino acid concentrations in the obese, nonobese, visceral obese, and nonvisceral obese groups
| Overall | Obese | Nonobese | p valuesa | Visceral obesity | Nonvisceral obesity | p b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (nmol/ml) | (n = 83) | (n = 10) | (n = 73) | (n = 18) | (n = 75) | valuesa | |
| Essential AAs | |||||||
| Histidine | 85.42 ± 9.71 | 88.02 ± 9.95 | 85.06 ± 9.69 | 0.370 | 84.83 ± 7.94 | 85.58 ± 10.19 | 0.774 |
| Isoleucine | 64.07 ± 12.09 | 72.94 ± 12.74 | 62.86 ± 11.57 | 0.013 | 70.99 ± 10.59 | 62.16 ± 11.85 | 0.005 |
| Leucine | 125.07 ± 20.71 | 139.34 ± 15.73 | 123.12 ± 20.62 | 0.019 | 136.51 ± 15.93 | 121.90 ± 20.85 | 0.007 |
| Lysine | 187.46 ± 26.41 | 208.75 ± 23.59 | 184.55 ± 25.56 | 0.006 | 186.83 ± 21.20 | 187.64 ± 27.82 | 0.909 |
| Methionine | 26.51 ± 3.71 | 26.69 ± 3.89 | 26.48 ± 3.71 | 0.871 | 25.81 ± 3.97 | 26.70 ± 3.65 | 0.370 |
| Phenylalanine | 57.67 ± 6.79 | 59.54 ± 4.86 | 57.41 ± 7.00 | 0.356 | 59.13 ± 8.34 | 57.26 ± 6.31 | 0.305 |
| Threonine | 129.23 ± 26.66 | 126.43 ± 19.06 | 129.61 ± 27.62 | 0.726 | 122.77 ± 23.68 | 131.02 ± 27.33 | 0.248 |
| Tryptophan | 56.04 ± 10.08 | 53.93 ± 6.27 | 56.33 ± 10.49 | 0.484 | 61.94 ± 15.43 | 54.40 ± 7.38 | 0.004 |
| Valine | 231.17 ± 30.90 | 261.89 ± 27.62 | 226.96 ± 29.03 | <0.001 | 244.87 ± 25.78 | 227.38 ± 31.30 | 0.033 |
| Nonessential AAs | |||||||
| Alanine | 342.61 ± 79.73 | 359.03 ± 99.02 | 340.36 ± 77.28 | 0.491 | 349.52 ± 83.12 | 340.70 ± 79.33 | 0.681 |
| Arginine | 66.10 ± 16.33 | 70.04 ± 17.12 | 65.56 ± 16.27 | 0.420 | 64.26 ± 10.86 | 66.62 ± 17.58 | 0.591 |
| Asparagine | 46.49 ± 6.19 | 46.17 ± 7.03 | 46.53 ± 6.12 | 0.865 | 42.73 ± 5.92 | 47.53 ± 5.89 | 0.003 |
| α-ABA | 20.11 ± 5.50 | 22.01 ± 5.98 | 19.85 ± 5.42 | 0.247 | 20.17 ± 6.39 | 20.10 ± 5.28 | 0.963 |
| Citrulline | 28.34 ± 6.20 | 26.23 ± 6.23 | 28.63 ± 6.19 | 0.254 | 25.57 ± 4.99 | 29.11 ± 6.32 | 0.031 |
| Cystine | 36.67 ± 6.41 | 41.47 ± 7.06 | 36.02 ± 6.08 | 0.011 | 37.59 ± 7.53 | 36.42 ± 6.11 | 0.497 |
| Glutamate | 57.93 ± 19.19 | 70.06 ± 17.04 | 56.27 ± 18.97 | 0.032 | 71.88 ± 24.25 | 54.07 ± 15.68 | <0.001 |
| Glutamine | 524.27 ± 55.46 | 514.17 ± 80.48 | 525.66 ± 51.75 | 0.542 | 495.84 ± 60.17 | 532.15 ± 51.86 | 0.013 |
| Glycine | 220.56 ± 34.87 | 197.88 ± 41.43 | 223.67 ± 33.00 | 0.027 | 193.69 ± 30.16 | 228.00 ± 32.51 | <0.001 |
| Ornithine | 80.34 ± 16.80 | 86.87 ± 14.91 | 79.44 ± 16.94 | 0.192 | 81.85 ± 15.20 | 79.92 ± 17.30 | 0.669 |
| Proline | 147.67 ± 39.39 | 141.67 ± 32.09 | 148.50 ± 40.40 | 0.610 | 151.29 ± 33.02 | 146.67 ± 41.15 | 0.662 |
| Serine | 116.31 ± 19.30 | 112.34 ± 15.82 | 116.86 ± 19.76 | 0.491 | 104.54 ± 16.36 | 119.57 ± 18.87 | 0.003 |
| Taurine | 74.99 ± 18.72 | 69.79 ± 15.03 | 75.70 ± 19.15 | 0.352 | 71.52 ± 15.75 | 75.95 ± 19.47 | 0.377 |
| Tyrosine | 61.26 ± 9.71 | 66.44 ± 13.47 | 60.55 ± 8.97 | 0.072 | 62.76 ± 9.47 | 60.84 ± 9.80 | 0.461 |
Data are mean ± SD. obese: BMI ≥ 25, nonobese: BMI < 25; visceral obesity: visceral fat area ≥ 100 cm2, nonvisceral obesity: visceral fat area < 100 cm2
AA amino acid, α-ABA α-aminobutyric acid, BMI body mass index
aObese vs Nonobese, bVisceral obesity vs Nonvisceral obesity. Bold numbers indicate significant differences between the two groups with p <0.05